Table 3.
Subgroup analysis of crude and adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence interval) of BPPV for dementia according to hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, ischemic heart disease, cerebral stroke, Meniere’s disease, and head trauma.
| Characteristics | No. of BPPV/ | No. of BPPV/ | ORs for Dementia | p for Interaction | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. of Dementia (%) | No. of Control (%) | Crude † | p-Value | Adjusted †,‡ | p-Value | ||
| Non-hypertension (n = 15,590) | 0.978 | ||||||
| BPPV | 112/3118 (3.6) | 346/12,472 (2.8) | 1.31 (1.05–1.63) | 0.016 | 1.12 (0.89–1.41) | 0.327 | |
| Hypertension (n = 41,570) | |||||||
| BPPV | 497/8314 (6.0) | 1568/33,256 (4.7) | 1.29 (1.16–1.43) | <0.001 * | 1.14 (1.03–1.27) | 0.016 * | |
| Non-diabetes mellitus (n = 36,860) | 0.099 | ||||||
| BPPV | 343/7372 (4.7) | 1142/29,488 (3.9) | 1.21 (1.07–1.37) | 0.002 * | 1.07 (0.94–1.22) | 0.288 | |
| Diabetes mellitus (n = 20,300) | |||||||
| BPPV | 266/4060 (6.6) | 772/16,240 (4.8) | 1.41 (1.22–1.63) | <0.001 * | 1.24 (1.07–1.44) | 0.005* | |
| Non-dyslipidemia (n = 39,370) | 0.500 | ||||||
| BPPV | 323/7874 (4.1) | 1051/31,496 (3.3) | 1.24 (1.09–1.41) | 0.001 * | 1.11 (0.97–1.27) | 0.125 | |
| Dyslipidemia (n = 17,790) | |||||||
| BPPV | 286/3558 (8.0) | 863/14,232 (6.1) | 1.36 (1.18–1.56) | <0.001 * | 1.17 (1.02–1.36) | 0.031 * | |
| Non-ischemic heart disease (n = 49,465) | 0.107 | ||||||
| BPPV | 500/9729 (5.1) | 1546/39,736 (3.9) | 1.34 (1.21–1.48) | <0.001 * | 1.18 (1.06–1.31) | 0.003* | |
| Ischemic heart disease (n = 7695) | |||||||
| BPPV | 109/1703 (6.4) | 368/5992 (6.1) | 1.05 (0.84–1.30) | 0.693 | 0.97 (0.77–1.22) | 0.781 | |
| Non-cerebral stroke (n = 40,161) | <0.001* | ||||||
| BPPV | 287/5908 (4.9) | 1156/34,253 (3.4) | 1.46 (1.28–1.67) | <0.001 * | 1.46 (1.27–1.67) | <0.001 * | |
| Cerebral stroke (n = 16,999) | |||||||
| BPPV | 322/5524 (5.8) | 758/11,475 (6.6) | 0.88 (0.77–1.00) | 0.052 | 0.90 (0.79–1.04) | 0.146 | |
| Non-Meniere’s disease (n = 54,190) | 0.934 | ||||||
| BPPV | 496/10,781 (4.6) | 1564/43,409 (3.6) | 1.29 (1.16–1.43) | <0.001 * | 1.14 (1.02–1.26) | 0.020 * | |
| Meniere’s disease (n = 2970) | |||||||
| BPPV | 113/651 (17.4) | 350/2319 (15.1) | 1.18 (0.94–1.49) | 0.160 | 1.13 (0.89–1.43) | 0.318 | |
| Non-head trauma (n = 54,387) | 0.163 | ||||||
| BPPV | 560/10,546 (5.3) | 1804/43,841 (4.1) | 1.31 (1.19–1.44) | <0.001 * | 1.16 (1.05–1.28) | 0.005 * | |
| Head trauma (n = 2773) | |||||||
| BPPV | 49/886 (5.5) | 110/1887 (5.8) | 0.95 (0.67–1.34) | 0.754 | 0.90 (0.63–1.29) | 0.571 | |
* Odds ratios from a conditional logistic regression model in subgroups according to hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and dyslipidemia, and odds ratios from a unconditional logistic regression model in subgroups according to ischemic heart disease, cerebral stroke, Meniere’s disease, and head trauma. Significance at p < 0.05, † Age, sex, income, region of residence, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and dyslipidemia were stratified in a conditional logistic regression model ‡ Adjusted model was adjusted for ischemic heart disease, cerebral stroke, Meniere’s disease, and head trauma in a conditional logistic regression model, and age, sex, income, region of residence, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, ischemic heart disease, cerebral stroke, Meniere’s disease, and head trauma in an unconditional logistic regression model.