Table 2.

Comparisons of participants’ accuracies to recognize senders’ facially expressed emotions between no mask and mask conditions for participant age groups.

Emotion 1	20s (n = 142)		30s (n = 144)		40s (n = 82)		50s (n = 78)		Over 60 (n = 67)
	No Mask	Mask	No Mask	Mask	No Mask	Mask	No Mask	Mask	No Mask	Mask
Anger (SD)	1.14 (0.69)	1.28 (0.76)	1.49 (0.62)	1.28 (0.67)	1.45 (0.66)	1.23 (0.70)	1.46 (0.69)	1.35 (0.70)	1.32 (0.66)	1.17 (0.69)
	t(141) = 1.92, p = 0.05		t(143) = −3.15, p < 0.005		t(81) = −2.48, p < 0.05		t(77) = −1.27, p = 0.20		t(66) = −1.42, p = 0.15
Disgust (SD)	1.43 (0.66)	0.78 (0.67)	1.34 (0.68)	0.84 (0.68)	1.50 (0.59)	0.87 (0.72)	1.43 (0.67)	0.85 (0.67)	1.50 (0.63)	0.89 (0.65)
	t(141) = −9.53, p < 0.001		t(143) = −7.20, p < 0.001		t(81)= −6.81, p < 0.001		t(77) = −5.46, p < 0.001		t(66) = −6.28, p < 0.001
Fear (SD)	0.67 (0.68)	0.38 (0.54)	0.85 (0.76)	0.36 (0.57)	0.80 (0.82)	0.35 (0.52)	1.12 (0.70)	0.51 (0.63)	1.13 (0.81)	0.85 (0.70)
	t(141) = −5.16, p < 0.001		t(143) = −8.84, p < 0.001		t(81) = −5.18, p < 0.001		t(77) = −7.69, p < 0.001		t(66) = −2.99, p < 0.005
Sadness (SD)	1.47 (0.67)	1.20 (0.66)	1.56 (0.57)	1.18 (0.75)	1.57 (0.58)	1.25 (0.68)	1.57 (0.59)	1.19 (0.62)	1.61 (0.54)	1.19 (0.76)
	t(141) = −4.18, p < 0.001		t(143) = −6.10, p < 0.001		t(81) = −4.73, p < 0.001		t(77) = −3.96, p < 0.001		t(66) = −3.77, p < 0.001
Happiness (SD)	1.87 (0.33)	1.57 (0.59)	1.93 (0.24)	1.61 (0.55)	1.95 (0.21)	1.60 (0.62)	1.93 (0.24)	1.44 (0.61)	2.00 (0.00)	1.32 (0.58)
	t(141) = −6.65, p < 0.001		t(143) = −7.13, p < 0.001		t(81) = −4.61, p < 0.001		t(77) = −6.52, p < 0.001		t(66) = −9.35, p < 0.001
Surprise (SD)	1.80 (0.39)	1.66 (0.51)	1.83 (0.39)	1.72 (0.49)	1.89 (0.31)	1.82 (0.40)	1.89 (0.30)	1.75 (0.51)	1.86 (0.34)	1.79 (0.40)
	t(141) = −3.26, p < 0.005		t(143) = −2.26, p < 0.05		t(81) = −1.14, p = 0.25		t(77) = −2.47, p < 0.05		t(66) = −1.15, p = 0.25

¹ Dependent variable = mean of correct recognitions of senders’ facially expressed emotions.