Table 4.
Comparisons of participants’ accuracies to recognize senders’ facially expressed emotions between no mask and mask conditions for participant nationality groups.
| Emotion 1 | Korean (n = 240) | American (n = 273) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No Mask | Mask | No Mask | Mask | |
| Anger (SD) | 1.21 (0.70) | 1.08 (0.72) | 1.49 (0.63) | 1.43 (0.66) |
| t(239) = −2.13, p < 0.05 | t(272) = −1.29, p = 0.19 | |||
| Disgust (SD) | 1.19 (0.69) | 0.75 (0.65) | 1.64 (0.54) | 0.91 (0.69) |
| t(239) = −7.80, p < 0.001 | t(272) = −15.05, p < 0.001 | |||
| Fear (SD) | 0.39 (0.61) | 0.11 (0.32) | 1.29 (0.63) | 0.74 (0.64) |
| t(239) = −7.11, p < 0.001 | t(272) = −11.56, p < 0.001 | |||
| Sadness (SD) | 1.30 (0.64) | 1.11 (0.68) | 1.76 (0.47) | 1.28 (0.71) |
| t(239) = −3.63, p < 0.001 | t(272) = −10.97, p < 0.001 | |||
| Happiness (SD) | 1.92 (0.26) | 1.77 (0.46) | 1.93 (0.24) | 1.33 (0.62) |
| t(239) = −5.15, p < 0.001 | t(272) = −15.67, p < 0.001 | |||
| Surprise (SD) | 1.85 (0.35) | 1.77 (0.45) | 1.84 (0.36) | 1.71 (0.50) |
| t(239) = −2.26, p < 0.05 | t(272) = −4.38, p < 0.001 | |||
1 Dependent variable = mean of correct recognitions of senders’ facially expressed emotions.