Table A1.
Results of univariate multinomial logistic regression analyses showing the associations between household characteristics and drinking water use.
| Household Characteristics | Piped Tap on Property as Reference Category | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nearby Public Tap | Distant Public Tap | No Tap Water | ||||
| OR (95%-CI) | p-Value | OR (95%-CI) | p-Value | OR (95%-CI) | p-Value | |
| SOCIO-ECONOMIC STATUS | Reference category: fifth (highest SES) | |||||
| FIRST QUINTILE | 5.00 (3.65, 6.86) | 0.00 ** | 3.78 (2.58, 5.55) | 0.00 ** | 9.19 (5.09, 16.60) | 0.00 ** |
| SECOND QUINTILE | 4.05 (2.69, 6.10) | 0.00 ** | 2.10 (1.21, 3.66) | 0.01 ** | 5.74 (2.81, 11.70) | 0.00 ** |
| THIRD QUINTILE | 1.91 (1.38, 2.63) | 0.00 ** | 1.69 (1.12, 2.55) | 0.01 ** | 2.42 (1.26, 4.67) | 0.01 ** |
| FOURTH QUINTILE | 1.31 (0.96, 1.78) | 0.09 | 0.90 (0.58, 1.40) | 0.64 | 1.47 (0.74, 2.90) | 0.27 |
| GOODNESS-OF-FIT | 0.11 | |||||
| HOUSEHOLD SIZE | Reference category: ≥4 members | |||||
| <4 MEMBERS | 1.33 (1.09, 1.61) | 0.00 ** | 1.35 (1.04, 1.76) | 0.03 ** | 1.39 (1.00, 1.93) | 0.05 ** |
| GOODNESS-OF-FIT | 0.01 | |||||
| GENDER HH | Reference category: female | |||||
| MALE | 1.19 (0.98, 1.46) | 0.09 * | 1.49 (1.13, 1.96) | 0.01 ** | 1.15 (0.81, 1.62) | 0.45 |
| GOODNESS-OF-FIT | 0.01 | |||||
| AGE HH | Reference category: >50 years | |||||
| <35 YEARS | 1.92 (1.49, 2.48) | 0.00 ** | 1.86 (1.27, 2.71) | 0.00 ** | 1.38 (0.89, 2.14) | 0.15 |
| 35–50 YEARS | 1.72 (1.34, 2.19) | 0.00 ** | 1.66 (1.17, 2.35) | 0.01 ** | 1.26 (0.85, 1.88) | 0.25 |
| GOODNESS-OF-FIT | 0.02 | |||||
| NATIONALITY HH | Reference category: other | |||||
| SOUTH-AFRICAN | 0.73 (0.44, 1.19) | 0.21 | 1.30 (0.57, 2.95) | 0.53 | 0.44 (0.22, 0.87) | 0.02 ** |
| GOODNESS-OF-FIT | 0.01 | |||||
| MARITAL STATUS HH | Reference category: partner | |||||
| NO PARTNER | 0.83 (0.68, 1.01) | 0.06 * | 0.80 (0.62, 1.03) | 0.08 * | 0.92 (0.67, 1.28) | 0.63 |
| GOODNESS-OF-FIT | 0.01 | |||||
| EDUCATION STATUS HH | Reference category: high | |||||
| LOW | 0.87 (0.65, 1.16) | 0.34 | 0.86 (0.59, 1.26) | 0.45 | 1.97 (1.26, 3.10) | 0.00 ** |
| INTERMEDIATE | 0.92 (0.74, 1.16) | 0.49 | 0.92 (0.68, 1.26) | 0.61 | 1.31 (0.88, 1.94) | 0.18 |
| GOODNESS-OF-FIT | 0.01 | |||||
| EMPLOYMENT STATUS HH | Reference category: employed | |||||
| NOT EMPLOYED | 0.68 (0.56, 0.84) | 0.00 ** | 0.78 (0.59, 1.03) | 0.08 * | 0.81 (0.58, 1.14) | 0.23 |
| GOODNESS-OF-FIT | 0.01 | |||||
Results are presented as odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95%-CI), with the use of piped tap water on property as the reference category. The model’s goodness-of-fit was calculated as the average Nagelkerke pseudo R2 of ten imputed datasets. * p < 0.10 ** p < 0.05; HH = household head.