Table 1.

Concentrations of metallic elements in maternal blood at mid-late trimester.

Metallic Elements	All (n = 89,273)					Normal (n = 89,134)	Abdominal Congenital Malformations (n = 139)	p
	Minimum	25th Percentile	Median	75th Percentile	Maximum	Median (IQR)	Median (IQR)
Pb (ng/g)	1.2	4.7	5.84	7.32	110	5.85 (4.70, 7.32)	5.53 (4.59, 7.00)	0.094
Cd (ng/g)	0.0951	0.494	0.661	0.902	5.33	0.66 (0.49, 0.90)	0.62 (0.50, 0.92)	0.546
Hg (n/g)	0.182	2.55	3.64	5.2	58.8	3.64 (2.55, 5.20)	3.69 (2.45, 5.01)	0.827
Se (ng/g)	82.8	156	168	182	976	168.00 (156.00, 182.00)	168.00 (155.00, 180.00)	0.773
Mn (ng/g)	3.06	12.6	15.3	18.6	60.8	15.30 (12.60, 18.60)	14.90 (12.20, 18.20)	0.458

p by Mann–Whitney U test, with significance at p < 0.05. IQR: interquartile range.