Table 5.
Odds ratios for all abdominal congenital malformations according to the concentrations of metallic elements detected in maternal blood at mid-late trimester.
| Cd | Case /Control (n) |
Adjusted OR (95% CI) |
Pb | Case /Control (n) |
Adjusted OR (95% CI) |
Hg | Case /Control (n) |
Adjusted OR (95% CI) |
Se | Case /Control (n) |
Adjusted OR (95% CI) |
Mn | Case /Control (n) |
Adjusted OR (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q1 | 34/23,117 | 1 | Q1 | 37/22,571 | 1 | Q1 | 37/22,268 | 1 | Q1 | 36/22,348 | 1 | Q1 | 40/22,507 | 1 |
| Q2 | 44/21,323 | 1.46 (0.93, 2.29) | Q2 | 44/22,174 | 1.19 (0.76, 1.84) | Q2 | 29/22,218 | 0.80 (0.49, 1.31) | Q2 | 34/22,717 | 0.93 (0.58, 1.49) | Q2 | 35/22,858 | 0.86 (0.55, 1.36) |
| Q3 | 26/22,951 | 0.80 (0.48, 1.35) | Q3 | 28/22,382 | 0.77 (0.47, 1.26) | Q3 | 41/22,335 | 1.13 (0.72, 1.77) | Q3 | 41/22,889 | 1.11 (0.71, 1.74) | Q3 | 33/22,080 | 0.83 (0.52, 1.32) |
| Q4 | 35/21,743 | 1.22 (0.75, 2.00) | Q4 | 30/22,007 | 0.85 (0.52, 1.38) | Q4 | 32/22,313 | 0.88 (0.55, 1.42) | Q4 | 28/21,180 | 0.80 (0.48, 1.32) | Q4 | 31/21,689 | 0.78 (0.48, 1.25) |
| p for trend | 0.997 | 0.233 | 0.963 | 0.585 | 0.296 | |||||||||
OR: odds ratio was adjusted for maternal age, smoking habit, drinking habit, paternal smoking habit, birth year of child, and sex of the child. Q1: first quartile, Q2: second quartile, Q3: third quartile, Q4: fourth quartile, CI: confidence interval.