Table 1.
Preoperative patient characteristics.
| Variable | Total Population (n = 59) |
ICI Group (n = 25) |
Control Group (n = 34) |
p |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 60.4 (56–67) | 60.0 (54.6–62.8) | 62.7 (57.6–67.7) | 0.26 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 24.7 ± 4.6 | 25.2 ± 4.7 | 24.3 ± 4.6 | 0.27 |
| Gender | 0.98 | |||
| Male, n (%) | 40 (67.8) | 17 (68.0) | 23 (67.6) | |
| Female, n (%) | 19 (32.2) | 8 (32.0) | 11 (32.4) | |
| Tobacco status | ||||
| Active or former smoker, n (%) | 55 (93.2) | 23 (92.0) | 32 (94.2) | >0.99 |
| Exposure, pack-years | 38.9 ± 16.0 | 37.8 ± 21.1 | 39.6 ± 11.3 | 0.51 |
| Comorbidities | ||||
| ASA score | 2 (2–3) | 2 (2–3) | 2 (2–3) | 0.70 |
| COPD, n (%) | 25 (42.4) | 11 (44.0) | 14 (41.2) | 0.82 |
| Asbestos exposure, n (%) | 9 (15.3) | 3 (12.0) | 6 (17.6) | 0.72 |
| Other respiratory disease *, n (%) | 5 (8.5) | 3 (12.0) | 2 (5.9) | 0.64 |
| Arterial hypertension, n (%) | 22 (37.3) | 10 (40.0) | 12 (35.3) | 0.79 |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 5 (8.5) | 3 (12.0) | 2 (5.9) | 0.64 |
| Dyslipidemia, n (%) | 12 (20.3) | 8 (32.0) | 4 (11.8) | 0.10 |
| History of thoracic surgery, n (%) | 3 (5.1) | 1 (4.0) | 2 (5.9) | >0.99 |
| Pulmonary function testing, n (%) | 59 (100) | 25 (100) | 34 (100) | - |
| FEV1, L | 2.6 ± 0.7 | 2.5 ± 0.6 | 2.6 ± 0.8 | 0.73 |
| FEV1, % predicted | 86.4 ± 16.7 | 85.5 ± 14.8 | 87.2 ± 18.2 | 0.76 |
| FVC, L | 3.6 ± 0.9 | 3.6 ± 0.9 | 3.6 ± 0.9 | 0.78 |
| FVC, % predicted | 99.7 ± 14.5 | 100.0 ± 14.3 | 99.5 ± 14.8 | 0.94 |
| TLC, L | 6.43 ± 1.3 | 6.3 ± 1.4 | 6.6 ± 1.3 | 0.39 |
| TLC, % predicted | 105.2 ± 14.9 | 105.2 ± 14.2 | 105.0 ± 15.7 | 0.89 |
| FEV1/FVC, % | 69.2 ± 9.7 | 69.4 ± 8.7 | 69.1 ± 10.4 | 0.85 |
| TLCO, % predicted | 64.7 ± 15.0 | 64.9 ± 15.8 | 64.6 ± 14.6 | 0.79 |
| Exercise testing, n (%) | 27 (45.8) | 10 (40.0) | 17 (50.0) | 0.60 |
| VO2 max, mL/kg/min | 17.7 ± 3.5 | 17.6 ± 2.1 | 17.8 ± 4.2 | 0.78 |
| Pulmonary rehabilitation, n (%) | 21 (35.6) | 16 (64.0) | 12 (35.3) | 0.03 |
| Histopathology | ||||
| Adenocarcinoma, n (%) | 37 (62.7) | 18 (72.0) | 19 (55.9) | 0.39 |
| Squamous cell carcinoma, n (%) | 20 (33.9) | 6 (24.0) | 14 (41.2) | |
| Carcinoma NOS, n (%) | 2 (33.9) | 1 (4.0) | 1 (2.9) | |
| PD-L1 expression available, n (%) | 40 (67.7) | 20 (80.0) | 20 (58.8) | 0.08 |
| 0% | 13 (22.0) | 3 (12.0) | 10 (29.4) | <0.01 |
| 1–49% | 6 (10.2) | 1 (4.0) | 5 (14.7) | |
| ≥50% | 18 (30.5) | 16 (64.0) | 5 (14.7) |
Abbreviations: BMI: body mass index; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; ASA: American Society of Anesthesiologists; FEV1: forced expiratory volume in one second; FVC: forced vital capacity; TLC: total lung capacity; TLCO: diffusion capacity of carbon monoxide; VO2 max: maximal oxygen uptake. * Other respiratory diseases: obstructive sleep apnea in 3 patients (5.1%), asthma in 1 (1.7%), nontuberculous mycobacteria in 1 (1.7%). As per Bonferroni correction for 27 comparisons, a p < 0.0019 indicates statistical significance here.