Table 1.

Population, intervention, control, outcome, and time period—PICO(T).

Population
Age	>20 years of age
Gender	Both genders
Disease status	Patients with non-communicable diseases (NCDs)
Location	Any country and region
Intervention/Exposure
mHealth/telemedicine/telehealth	Mobile health communication through telephone and/or short text messages and/or Delivery of health services via remote telecommunications
Teach-back communication	Patient education and (or) information about discharge instructions allowing them to restate the instructions in their own words.
Setting	Outpatient department, admitted cases, or both
Control
Standard care	Patients with routine/usual care
Outcome
Primary outcome	Hospital readmissions or frequent hospitalizations reduction
Period of observation	30–180 days after index discharge
Study Design
Study design included	Quantitative study design
Time Period
Searched till	June 2020
Exclusion Criteria	Duplicate publication
	Articles not specifying hospital readmission reduction
	Where full-text articles could not be recovered.
	Studies that were neither available in English nor could be translated
	Studies that have utilized secondary data analysis
	Qualitative studies, opinion pieces, theoretical papers, non-peer-reviewed manuscripts, abstracts, reviews, editorials, commentaries, correspondence.