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SpoVAD and SpoVAE demonstrate interaction in dormant spores. C. difficile cells transformed with the indicated plasmids were grown on sporulation medium, and the resulting spores were purified and assayed for luminescence. Averages from 3 biological triplicates are shown. ***, P < 0.0001 as determined by one-way ANOVA using Dunnett’s multiple-comparison test.
