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. 2021 Sep 28;13(19):4848. doi: 10.3390/cancers13194848

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© 2021 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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The mechanisms of transcription regulation mediated by lncRNAs in the nucleus. (A) lncRNA bind to the effector protein complex that activates or represses the expression of target genes. lncRNAs may act in cis, where they regulate the expression of adjacent or proximal genes on the same chromosome, or in trans, regulating distant genes from other chromosomes. (B) lncRNAs bind to polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) mostly through EZH2 or SUZ12 protein subunits. This complex facilitates histone 3 lysine 27 (H3K27me3) trimethylation and occupancy of target gene promoter which results in target gene repression.