Table 1.
Protein-lncRNA interactions in melanoma.
| lncRNA | Expression in Melanoma a | Biding Partner (s) | The Effect of lncRNA-Protein(s) Interaction | Mode of Action (in cis/in trans) |
References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ANRIL and circANRIL |
upregulated | CBX7 (PRC1) | ANRIL binds to PRC1 and represses the expression of the CDKN2A/B locus | in cis | [42] |
| CASC15 | upregulated | EZH2 | CASC15 binds to EZH2 and together silence the expression of PDCD4 tumor suppressor gene | in trans | [43] |
| CDR1as | downregulated | IGF2BP3 | CDR1as inhibits pro-invasive properties of IGF2BP3 which are unleashed after CDR1as loss | N/A | [44] |
| DIRC3 | downregulated | SOX10 | acts locally to block SOX10 chromatin binding at melanoma regulatory elements and activate IGFBP5 expression |
in cis | [45] |
| FALEC | upregulated | EZH2 | FALEC-EZH2 complex binds to p21 promoter and inhibits p21 expression | in trans | [46] |
| GAS5 | downregulated | E2F4 | GAS5 recruits E2F4 transcription factor to EZH2 promoter, which represses EZH2 expression | in trans | [47] |
| HEIH | upregulated | EZH2 | HEIH-EZH2 repressive complex binds to the promoter of miR-200 family tumor suppressor miRNAs | in trans | [48] |
| LNMAT1 | upregulated | EZH2 | LNMAT1-EZH2 binds to CADM1 promoter and inhibits expression of this tumor suppressor gene | in trans | [49] |
| MIR31HG | upregulated | SUZ12 and EZH2 |
MIR31HG binds to PRC2 represses the expression of p16 tumor suppressor gene | in cis | [50] |
| MIRAT | upregulated | IQGAP1 | MIRAT binds to and stabilizes IQGAP1, which promotes MAPK signaling | N/A | [51] |
| PVT1 | upregulated | EZH2 | PVT1-EZH2 binds to miR-200c promoter and inhibits expression of this miRNA | in trans | [52] |
| SAMMSON | upregulated | p32 | SAMMSON stabilizes the mitochondrial protein p32, required for oxidative phosphorylation | N/A | [53] |
| SLNCR1 | upregulated | Brn3a and AR AR and EGR1 |
binds to MMP9 promoter and activates MMP9 transcription represses EGR1-inducible expression of p21 |
in trans in trans |
[54] [55] |
| SPRY4-IT1/SPRIGHTLY | upregulated | lipin 2 | SPRIGHTLY binding to lipin 2 blocks its phosphatidic acid phosphatase activity | N/A | [56] |
| THOR | upregulated | IGF2BP1 | directly binds to and stabilizes IGF2BP1; this interaction promotes melanoma growth | in trans | [57] |
| TSLNC8 | upregulated | PP1α | TSLNC8 triggers PP1α accumulation in cytoplasm which results in reactivation of MAPK signaling | N/A | [58] |
| TTN-AS1 | upregulated | TTN | High expression of TTN-AS1 and TTN induces melanoma proliferation, and suppresses cell apoptosis, | N/A | [59] |
a compared to healthy tissues and normal cells; N/A, not applicable.