Table 1.
Children’s occupations in home context are categorised as activities of daily living, rest and sleep and play (adapted from OTPF 4th ed).
| Occupation | Description |
|---|---|
| Activities of daily living (ADLs)—activities oriented towards taking care of one’s own body and completed on a routine basis (adapted from Rogers and Holm [23]) | |
| Bathing, showering | Obtaining and using supplies; soaping, rinsing and drying body parts; maintaining bathing position; transferring to and from bathing positions |
| Dressing | Selecting clothing and accessories with consideration of time of day, weather and desired presentation; obtaining clothing from storage area; dressing and undressing in a sequential fashion; fastening and adjusting clothing and shoes; applying and removing personal devices, prosthetic devices or splints |
| Toileting and toilet hygiene | Obtaining and using toileting supplies, managing clothing, maintaining toileting position, transferring to and from toileting position, cleaning body, caring for menstrual and continence needs (including catheter, colostomy and suppository management), maintaining intentional control of bowel movements and urination and, if necessary, using equipment or agents for bladder control |
| Eating and swallowing | Keeping and manipulating food or fluid in the mouth, swallowing it (i.e., moving it from the mouth to the stomach) |
| Feeding | Setting up, arranging and bringing food or fluid from the vessel to the mouth (includes self-feeding and feeding others) |
| Personal hygiene and grooming | Obtaining and using supplies; removing body hair (e.g., using a razor or tweezers); applying and removing cosmetics; washing, drying, combing, styling, brushing and trimming hair; caring for nails (hands and feet); caring for skin, ears, eyes and nose; applying deodorant; cleaning mouth; brushing and flossing teeth; removing, cleaning and reinserting dental orthotics and prosthetics |
| Rest and sleep—activities related to obtaining restorative rest and sleep to support healthy, active engagement in other occupations | |
| Rest | Identifying the need to relax and engaging in quiet and effortless actions that interrupt physical and mental activity; reducing involvement in taxing physical, mental or social activities, resulting in a relaxed state; engaging in relaxation or other endeavours that restore energy and calm and renew interest in engagement |
| Sleep preparation | Engaging in routines that prepare the self for a comfortable rest, such as grooming and undressing, reading or listening to music, saying goodnight to others and engaging in meditation or prayers; determining the time of day and length of time desired for sleeping and the time needed to wake; establishing sleep patterns that support growth and health (patterns are often personally and culturally determined); preparing the physical environment for periods of sleep, such as making the bed or space on which to sleep, ensuring warmth or coolness and protection, setting an alarm clock, securing the home (e.g., by locking doors or closing windows or curtains), setting up sleep-supporting equipment (e.g., CPAP machine) and turning off electronics and lights |
| Sleep participation | Taking care of personal needs for sleep, such as ceasing activities to ensure onset of sleep, napping and dreaming; sustaining a sleep state without disruption; meeting night-time toileting and hydration needs, including negotiating the needs of and interacting with others (e.g., children, partner) within the social environment, such as providing night-time caregiving (e.g., breastfeeding) and monitoring comfort and safety of others who are sleeping |
| Play—activities that are intrinsically motivated, internally controlled, and freely chosen and that may include suspension of reality (e.g., fantasy), exploration, humour, risk-taking, contests and celebrations [24]; play is a complex and multidimensional phenomenon that is shaped by sociocultural factors [25] | |
| Play exploration | Identifying play activities, including exploration play, practice play, pretend play, games with rules, constructive play and symbolic play |
| Play participation | Participating in play; maintaining a balance of play with other occupations; obtaining, using and maintaining toys, equipment and supplies |