Table 1.
Clinical characteristics of the study population.
| Characteristics of the Study Population | Count/Average | %/SD |
|---|---|---|
| Patient age at TLE [years] | 68.11 | 14.02 |
| Patient age at first system implantation [years] | 58.81 | 15.77 |
| Sex (% of female patients) | 598 | 39.86% |
| Etiology: IHD, MI | 979 | 65.27% |
| Underlying disease: cardiomyopathy, valvular heart disease | 277 | 18.47% |
| Underlying disease: congenital, channelopathies, neurocardiogenic indications, cardiac surgery | 243 | 16.20% |
| LVEF average [%] | 49.26 | 15.92 |
| Renal failure: patients with creatinine concentration > 2.00/dL | 375 | 25.00% |
| Previous sternotomy | 214 | 14.27% |
| Charlson comorbidity index [points] | 5.10 | 3.76 |
| Systemic infection (with or without pocket infection) | 230 | 15.33% |
| Local (pocket) infection | 90 | 6.00% |
| Lead failure (replacement) | 865 | 58.33% |
| Change of pacing mode/upgrading, downgrading | 110 | 7.33% |
| Other: Abandoned lead/prevention of abandonment, (AF, redundant leads), threatening/potentially threatening lead (loops, free ending, left heart, LDTD) Other (MRI indications, cancer, painful pocket, loss of indication for pacing/ICD) regainingvenous access (symptomatic occlusion, SVC syndrome, lead replacement/upgrading) | 193 | 12.87% |
| System: pacemaker (any) | 1008 | 67.08% |
| System: ICD (VVI, DDD) | 359 | 23.97% |
| System: CRT-D | 133 | 8.87% |
| Dwell time of the oldest lead per patient [months] | 112.1 | 78.16 |
| Sum of lead dwell times [years] | 17.01 | 13.75 |
| Major complications | 33 | 2.20% |
| Minor complications | 115 | 7.66% |
| Complete procedural success | 1442 | 96.13% |
| Partial radiographic success | 46 | 3.07% |
| Clinical success | 1484 | 98.93% |
Abbreviations: CRT-D—cardiac resynchronization therapy defibrillator, DDD—dual-chamber antibradycardia pacing, ICD—implantable cardioverter defibrillator, IHD—ischemic heart disease, LDTD—lead-dependent tricuspid dysfunction, LVEF—left ventricular ejection fraction, MI—myocardial infarction, SVC—superior vena cava, TLE—transvenous lead extraction, VVI—ventricular demand pacing.