Figure 1.

Summary of referenced stiffnesses in relation to different tissue stiffnesses (adapted from [13]). The data from the referenced literature cover a wide range of stiffnesses. Stiffness was divided into five ranges: up to 400 Pa, 400–1200 Pa, 1200–5000 Pa, 5000–20,000 Pa, and greater than 20,000 Pa. For each range, the references that investigated the corresponding stiffness value were listed. The listed stiffnesses of the references relate to in vitro experiments with endothelial cells. For references in blue, natural gels (e.g., collagen, Matrigel, fibrin) were used, while for references in red, the measured stiffness is related to synthetic gels (e.g., polyacrylamide, polydimethylsiloxane). Mixed colors show that both natural and synthetic gels have been investigated in this stiffness range. References in a circle indicate 2D models and references in a square indicate 3D models, while for hybrid shapes, both 2D and 3D experiments were performed for the respective stiffness range. Numbers within icons refer to references.