Table 1.
Clinical, pathological and radiological patients’ data and outcome information.
| Total (n = 147) | Training (n = 94) | Validation (n = 53) | p-Value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clinical Variables | Age at diagnosis (year) * | 69.94 (44–88) | 70.06 (43–87) | 69.73 (43–88) | 0.84 |
| Sex | 0.13 | ||||
| Female | 61 (41.6%) | 35 (37.6%) | 27 (50.5%) | ||
| Male | 86 (58.4%) | 59 (63.4%) | 26 (49.5%) | ||
| Ca 19.9 (U/mL) * | 40 (14–150) | 48.5 (13.25–191) | 35 (14.5–77.5) | 0.21 | |
| Adjuvant Treatment | 111 (75%) | 69 (73.2%) | 42 (78.6%) | 0.38 | |
| Adjuvant Chemoterapy | 107 (73.0%) | 68 (73.0%) | 39 (73.2%) | 0.45 | |
| Adjuvant Radioteraphy | 31 (21%) | 21 (22.3%) | 10 (19.6%) | 0.11 | |
| Pathological Data | Tumor Size (mm) ^ | 27.33 (+/− 0.78) | 28.36 (+/− 0.97) | 25.48 (+/− 1.29) | 0.78 |
| Final R status | 0.08 | ||||
| R1 | 65 (44.2%) | 44 (46.8%) | 21 (39.6%) | ||
| R0 | 82 (55.8%) | 50 (53.2%) | 32 (60.4%) | ||
| Lymph-vascular Invasion | 129 (87.8%) | 88 (93.6%) | 41 (76.8%) | 0.015 | |
| Perineural Invasion | 130 (87.1%) | 86 (91.4%) | 44 (82.1%) | 0.06 | |
| Peripancreatic Fat Invasion | 135 (91%) | 92 (97.8%) | 43 (80.3%) | 0.72 | |
| Grading | 0.42 | ||||
| G1 | 3 (2.0%) | 3 (3.1%) | 0 (0%) | ||
| G2 | 66 (45.0%) | 45 (47.8%) | 26 (48.2%) | ||
| G3 | 78 (53.0%) | 46 (49.1%) | 27 (51.8%) | ||
| TNM | |||||
| T | 0.75 | ||||
| T1 | 34 (22.7%) | 20 (20.3%) | 14 (26.8%) | ||
| T2 | 102 (69.2%) | 68 (72.3%) | 34 (64.3%) | ||
| T3 | 11 (7.7%) | 7 (7.4%) | 5 (8.9%) | ||
| N | 0.065 | ||||
| N0 | 23 (16.1%) | 15 (15.0%) | 9 (17.8%) | ||
| N1 | 50 (33.9%) | 26 (27.6%) | 24 (44.6%) | ||
| N2 | 74 (50%) | 54 (57.4%) | 20 (37.5%) | ||
| Lymphnode Ratio * | 0.136 (0.04–0.25) | 0.16 (0.06–0.26) | 0.10 (0.03–0.2) | 0.11 | |
| Radiological Data | Dimension (mm) ^ | 24.5 (+/− 7.2) | 25.79 (+/− 6.8) | 23.23 (+/− 7.8) | 0.07 |
| Necrosis | 0.34 | ||||
| Present | 27 (18.2%) | 18 (19.1%) | 9 (16.9%) | ||
| Absent | 120 (81.6%) | 76 (85.2%) | 44 (83.0%) | ||
| Hypodense on pancreatic phase | 116 (74.4%) | 77 (81.9%) | 39 (73.5%) | 0.48 | |
| Hypodense on venous phase | 93 (57.1%) | 91 (96.8%) | 2 (3.5%) | 0.50 | |
| Isodense on pancreatic phase | 23 (21.8%) | 21 (23.4%) | 2 (3.5%) | 0.58 | |
| Outcome Variables | Early distant recurrence (EDR) | 0.54 | |||
| EDR | 39 (25.6%) | 25 (26.5%) | 14 (26.3%) | ||
| non-EDR | 108 (74.4%) | 69 (73.5%) | 39 (73.7%) | ||
| Time to recurrence (months) * | 15 (10–22) | 15 (9–22) | 16 (11–26) | 0.55 | |
| Overall survival (months) * | 20 (15–28) | 20 (15–28) | 20 (16–28.5) | 0.98 | |
| Length of follow-up (months) * | 19 (14–27) | 19 (14–27) | 19.5 (13.25–27.75) | 0.94 |
Unless otherwise indicated, data are numbers of patients and data in parentheses are percentages. p values were determined by comparing characteristics between patients of Training and Validation cohort. * Data are medians, data in parentheses are ranges. ^ Data are means with standard deviations.