Table 2.
Quality assessment of included studies using AXIS tool.
| Articles | Introduction | Methods | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Author (Year), Country | Were the aims/objectives of the study clear? | Was the study design appropriate for the stated aim(s)? | Was the sample size justified? |
Was the target/reference population clearly defined? | Was the sample frame taken from an appropriate population base so that it closely represented the target/reference population under investigation? | Was the selection process likely to select subjects/participants that were representative of the target/reference population under investigation? | Were measures undertaken to address and categorise non-responders? | Were the risk factor and outcome variables measured appropriate to the aims of the study? | Were the risk factor and outcome variables measured correctly using instruments/measurements that had been trialled, piloted, or published previously? | Is it clear what was used to determine statistical significance and/or precision estimates? | Were the methods (including statistical methods) sufficiently described to enable them to be repeated? |
| Liu et al. (2016),United States | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y |
| Mansori et al. (2018), Iran | Y | y | y | y | y | y | CT | Y | Y | Y | Y |
| Mansori et al. (2019), Iran | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | CT | Y | Y | Y | Y |
| Pakzad et al. (2016), Iran | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | CT | Y | Y | Y | Y |
| Pourhoseingholi et al. (2020), Iran | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y |
| Goungounga et al. (2016), France | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | CT | Y | Y | Y | Y |
| Roquette et al. (2019), Portugal | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | CT | Y | Y | Y | Y |
| Torres et al. (2018), United States | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | CT | Y | Y | Y | Y |
| Halimi et al. (2019), Iran | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y |
| Harminder et al. (2017), Canada | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | CT | Y | Y | Y | Y |
| Kuo et al. (2019), United States | Y | Y | CT | Y | Y | Y | CT | Y | Y | Y | Y |
| Goshayeshi et al. (2019), Iran | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | CT | Y | Y | Y | Y |
| Articles | Results | Discussion | Other | ||||||||
| Were the basic data adequately described? | Does the response rate raise concerns about non-response bias? | If appropriate, was information about non-responders described? | Were the results internally consistent? | Were the results for the analyses described in the methods, presented? | Were the authors’ discussions and conclusions justified by the results? | Were the limitations of the study discussed? | Were there any funding sources or conflicts of interest that may affect the authors’ interpretation of the results? | Was ethical approval or consent of participants attained? | Total Recorded “Yes” | ||
| Liu et al. (2016), United States | Y | N | N | CT | Y | Y | Y | N | Y | 16 | |
| Mansori et al. (2018), Iran | Y | CT | CT | CT | Y | Y | Y | N | CT | 14 | |
| Mansori et al. (2019), Iran | Y | CT | CT | CT | Y | Y | Y | N | CT | 15 | |
| Pakzad et al. (2016), Iran | Y | N | CT | Y | Y | Y | Y | CT | CT | 15 | |
| Pourhoseingholi et al. (2020), Iran | Y | N | CT | Y | Y | Y | Y | N | CT | 16 | |
| Goungounga et al. (2016), France | Y | N | CT | Y | Y | Y | Y | N | Y | 16 | |
| Roquette et al. (2019), Portugal | N | N | CT | Y | Y | Y | Y | N | Y | 15 | |
| Torres et al. (2018), United States | Y | N | N | Y | Y | Y | Y | N | Y | 16 | |
| Halimi et al. (2019), Iran | Y | N | N | CT | Y | Y | Y | N | Y | 16 | |
| Harminder et al. (2017), Canada | Y | N | N | CT | Y | Y | Y | N | Y | 15 | |
| Kuo et al. (2019), United States | Y | N | CT | Y | Y | Y | Y | N | Y | 15 | |
| Goshayeshi et al. (2019), Iran | Y | N | CT | Y | Y | Y | Y | N | CT | 16 | |