Table 1.
Baseline driver characteristics divided by the target outcome.
| Characteristics | Total (n = 4794) | p-Value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Death (n = 429) | Survive (n = 4365) | ||||
| n | % | n | % | ||
| Age, median (IQR), years | 26 | (19) | 30 | (6) | <0.001 * |
| Gender | |||||
| Male | 393 | 91.61 | 3804 | 87.15 | 0.008 |
| Female | 36 | 8.39 | 561 | 12.85 | |
| Alcohol | |||||
| BAC level, median (IQR), mg% | 15 | 156.70 | 1 | 130.00 | 0.051 * |
| Alcohol odor on breath | 321 | 74.83 | 2915 | 66.78 | <0.001 |
| Type of vehicle | |||||
| Bicycle | 20 | 4.66 | 133 | 3.05 | 0.069 |
| Motorcycle | 378 | 88.11 | 3978 | 91.38 | 0.038 |
| 4-wheel car | 26 | 6.06 | 210 | 4.81 | 0.254 |
| Commercial truck, semitrailer, and trailer | 5 | 1.17 | 37 | 0.85 | 0.500 |
| Safety belt used a | (n = 31) | (n = 247) | |||
| Yes | 3 | 9.68 | 79 | 31.98 | 0.010 |
| No | 28 | 90.32 | 168 | 68.02 | |
| Helmet used b | (n = 398) | (n = 4111) | |||
| Yes | 40 | 10.05 | 709 | 17.25 | <0.001 |
| No | 358 | 89.95 | 3402 | 82.75 | |
| Place of accident | |||||
| Urban | 50 | 11.66 | 822 | 18.83 | <0.001 |
| Suburban | 148 | 34.50 | 1480 | 33.91 | 0.805 |
| Rural | 231 | 53.85 | 2063 | 47.26 | 0.009 |
| Driving across provinces | 111 | 25.87 | 587 | 13.45 | <0.001 |
| Time of accident | |||||
| 8:01 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. | 106 | 24.71 | 1208 | 27.67 | 0.189 |
| 4:01 p.m. to 12:00 a.m. | 97 | 22.61 | 1198 | 27.45 | 0.031 |
| 12:01 a.m. to 8:00 a.m. | 226 | 52.68 | 1959 | 44.88 | 0.002 |
a only 4-wheel car, commercial truck, semitrailer and trailer driver; b only motorcyclist and bicyclist; BAC: Blood alcohol concentration. All p-values of the categorical variables were obtained from chi-squared test; For the continuous variables, p-values were obtained from * Rank-sum test (nonparametric).