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. 2021 Sep 28;18(19):10233. doi: 10.3390/ijerph181910233

Table 4.

The mean difference in HRQOL pre-treatment and at one-year follow-up (n = 79).

n Pre-Treatment
M (SD)
One-Year Follow-Up
M (SD)
Pre/One-Year
p-Value *
Cohen d
PCS (physical component summary) 78 33.0 (6.2) 36.2 (6.9) <0.001 0.48
PF (physical functioning) 79 37.5 (7.8) 40.6 (7.8) 0.002 0.35
RP (role physical) 79 28.1 (6.4) 32.3 (6.9) <0.001 0.46
BP (bodily pain) 78 30.2 (5.7) 34.3 (7.6) <0.001 0.55
GH (general health) 79 38.5 (8.4) 40.5 (9.2) 0.039 0.24
MCS (mental component summary) 78 38.3 (10.8) 40.1 (11.3) 0.123 0.18
VT (vitality) 78 34.4 (6.3) 36.9(8.0) 0.011 0.31
SF (social functioning) 78 34.3 (9.05) 36.6 (9.7) 0.038 0.24
RE (role emotional) 77 34.9 (12.8) 37.5 (11.4) 0.117 0.17
MH (mental health) 77 39.9 (9.9) 42.1 (10.0) 0.060 0.22

M, mean; SD, standard deviation. * Values in bold indicate statistically significant differences.