Table 3.
Clinical trials involving DHA.
| Experimentation Type | DHA Forms | Concentration or Dose |
Effects | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AD Patients | Fish oil | 1 g/day of fish oil (30 mg DHA, 90 mg EPA) | Slowing down AD | [47] |
| AD Patients | Capsule EPAX 1050TG | four capsules (One capsule: 430 mg DHA and 150 mg EPA) |
Induction of DNA hypomethylation in blood cell, can be used as treatment in AD | [48] |
| AD patients | 2.3 g of omega-3 fatty acid | Positive correlation between plasma levels of omega-3 fatty acids and cognitive functions | [49] | |
| Peripheral blood mononuclear cells treated with the Aβ40 peptide | Capsule EPAX 1050TG | Prevention of the reduction of specialized proresolving mediators (lipoxin A4 and resolvin D1) released from PBMCs | [50] | |
| Moderate AD patients | Capsule EPAX 1050TG | four capsules (One capsule: 430 mg DHA and 150 mg EPA |
No clear effect on oxidative stress but potential role in immunoregulation | [51] |
| AD patients | Capsule EPAX 1050TG | four capsules (One capsule: 430 mg DHA and 150 mg EPA |
Increase in eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), DHA, and total n-3 FA levels in cerebrospinal fluid | [52] |
| Increase plasma levels of transthyretin which could influence Aβ peptide deposits in the brain | [53] | |||
| Peripheral blood mononuclear cells of AD patients | Regulation of genes involved in inflammation regulation, neurodegeneration, and in ubiquitination processes | [54] | ||
| LPS-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells | Anti-inflammatory effects, reduction in the release of IL-1β, IL-6, and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor | [55,56] | ||
| Cognitive impairment: no dementia and AD patients | Capsules | 625 mg DHA and 600 mg EPA | No beneficial effect on cognition and mood | [57] |
| Mild or moderate AD patients | Algal origin | 2 g of capsule containing 15% to 55% DHA | No slowdown in cognitive decline | [58] |
| Mild or moderate AD patients | Capsule EPAX 1050TG | four capsules (One capsule: 430 mg DHA and 150 mg EPA |
No effect on neuropsychiatric symptoms, possible positive effects on depressive symptoms in non-ApoEω4 carriers and on agitation symptoms in ApoEω4 carriers | [59] |
| Patients with organic brain damage or mild cognitive impairment | Aravita capsules | 40 mg/capsule of arachidonic acid and DHA | Significant improvements in memory | [60] |
| Spinocerebellar ataxia 38 | Algal oil | 600 mg/day | Improvement in clinical symptoms and no degradation of neurophysiological parameters | [61,62] |