Table 2.
The in vivo and in vitro studies of MSC treatment in SS patients.
| Type of MSC | In Vivo/In Vitro Study | Follow Up | Major Effects of MSC | Ref. | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Increase | Decrease | ||||
| UCMSCs | In vivo IV injection (10 patients) |
Day 7 | - IL-12 levels in serum | / | [26] |
| UCMSCs | In vivo IV injection (24 patients) |
Baseline Week 2 Month 1 Month 3 Month 6 Month 12 |
- Unstimulated and stimulated salivary flow rate for most of 11 patients | - SSDAI score for all 24 patients and VAS score for most of patients - SSA/Ro autoantibodies for 7 patients - SSB/La autoantibodies for 6 patients |
[28] |
| UCMSCs | In vivo IV injection (38 patients) |
Week 1 | - IL-27 and TGFβ levels in serum - Tregs among PBMCs |
- IL-17-expressing T cells among PBMCs | [29] |
| In vitro Coculture with monocyte-derived DCs |
Unknown | - IL-27 production of DCs | / | ||
| UCMSCs | In vitro Coculture with PBMC from SS patients or from HC |
Day 4 | / | - Expansion and differentiation of Tfh from PBMC from SS patients | [32] |
| UCMSCs free or encapsulated |
In vitro Coculture with PBMC from SS patients or from HC |
Day 4 | - Tregs among PBMCs (with encapsulated UCMSCs) | - Proliferation of T cells from SS patients (only with encapsulated UCMSCs) | [31] |
| UCMSCs | In vitro Coculture with CD4+ T cells from blood of SS patients or of HC |
Day 3 | - IL-6 production in supernatants - Upregulation of 13 miRNA whose miR-115–5p having impact on TCR signaling pathway |
- Proliferation of T cells from SS patients - IFNγ production in supernatants |
[33] |
| BMMSCs | In vitro Coculture of PBMC from HC with BMMSCs from HC or SS patients |
Day 4 | - T cell proliferation with BMMSCs from SS patients compared to BMMSCs from HC | / | [28] |
DCs: dendritic cells; IV: intravenous; HC: healthy control; PBMCs: peripheral blood mononuclear cells; SS: Sjögren’s syndrome; SSDAI: Sjögren’s syndrome disease activity index; TCR: T cell receptor; Tfh: follicular T helper cell; Tregs: regulatory T cells; VAS: visual analogue scale.