Table 4.
Significantly changed metabolites in the liver extracts.
| Metabolite | NMR Signal Used for Quantitation [ppm] |
(Empag-Control)/ Control [%] |
p-Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Glutamine | 2.45 (m) | 23.6 | 0.014 |
| Leucine | 1.71 (m) | 12.3 | 0.032 |
| Valine | 0.99 (d) | 10.6 | 0.028 |
| Uracil | 7.54 (d) | 11.5 | 0.017 |
| Glutathione (reduced) | 4.57 (dd) | −43.1 | 0.020 |
| Glycogen | 5.41 (m) | −22.0 | 0.001 |
| Xanthosine | 5.86 (d) | −18.9 | 0.027 |
Data are expressed as the percentage change of normalised concentrations in empagliflozin versus control groups. Statistical significance was determined by the unpaired Student t-test. Control group (n = 7) and empagliflozin group (n = 8). Empagliflozin group received a standard diet enriched by 0.01% empagliflozin for 6 weeks. Signal multiplicity is marked as follows: (s)-singlet, (d)-doublet, (dd)-doublet of doublets, (m)-multiplet.