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. 2021 Sep 29;22(19):10543. doi: 10.3390/ijms221910543

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© 2021 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Inhibition of the expression of NF-κB-related proteins by geranylgeraniol (GGOH). MG6 cells were pre-treated with GGOH for 24 h followed by LPS treatment (10 ng/mL) for 1 h. (a) Western blot images and quantification of phosphorylated TAK1, IKKα/β, and the p65 subunit of the NF-κB signaling pathway after different LPS administration times. (b) Western blot images and quantification of phosphorylated and total TAK1, IKKα/β, p65, and IκBα levels. The ratio of phosphorylated to total TAK1, IKKα/β, p65, and IκBα proteins in the presence of GGOH pre-treatment is also shown. Total cell lysates were collected and subjected to Western blot analysis. Data are presented as the mean ± S.E.M, n = 3, normalized to the total protein levels detected based on α-tubulin. # p < 0.05 vs. untreated control; * p < 0.05 vs. LPS-only treated group or LPS-only at 0 min).

Inhibition of the expression of NF-κB-related proteins by geranylgeraniol (GGOH). MG6 cells were pre-treated with GGOH for 24 h followed by LPS treatment (10 ng/mL) for 1 h. (a) Western blot images and quantification of phosphorylated TAK1, IKKα/β, and the p65 subunit of the NF-κB signaling pathway after different LPS administration times. (b) Western blot images and quantification of phosphorylated and total TAK1, IKKα/β, p65, and IκBα levels. The ratio of phosphorylated to total TAK1, IKKα/β, p65, and IκBα proteins in the presence of GGOH pre-treatment is also shown. Total cell lysates were collected and subjected to Western blot analysis. Data are presented as the mean ± S.E.M, n = 3, normalized to the total protein levels detected based on α-tubulin. # p < 0.05 vs. untreated control; * p < 0.05 vs. LPS-only treated group or LPS-only at 0 min).