| AKT | protein kinase B alpha |
| AMPK | adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase |
| β-TrCP | beta-transducin repeat containing protein |
| CaMKII | Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II |
| CARM1 | coactivator-associated arginine methyltransferase 1 |
| cdc2 | cell division control 2 |
| DHPR | dihydropteridine receptor |
| GS | glycogen synthase |
| eEF22 | eukaryotic translation elongation factor |
| eEF2K | eukaryotic translation elongation factor 2 kinase |
| Erk1/2 | extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 |
| FoxO3 | forkhead box O3 |
| GSK3β | glycogen synthase kinase-3β |
| HS | hindlimb suspension |
| IP3 | inositol trisphosphate |
| MAFbx | ubiquitin ligase muscle atrophy F-box |
| MYOG | myogenin |
| MuRF1 | muscle-specific RING finger protein 1 |
| mTORC1 | mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 |
| PI3K | phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase |
| PCr | phosphocreatine |
| PI3K | phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase |
| PKA | protein kinase A |
| PKC | protein kinase C |
| PANX1 | pannexin channel 1 |
| PLC | phospholipase C |
| p70S6K | 70-kDa ribosomal protein S6 kinase |
| p90RSK90 | kDa ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1 |
| PRB | probenecid |
| P2Y | purinergic G protein-coupled receptor |
| Rho | Ras Homolog Family Member |
| RyR | ryanodine receptor |
| TSC2 | tuberous sclerosis complex 2 |