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Upon a DSB occurs, the NHEJ and HR sub-pathways are involved, depending on the homology of the ends of the DSB. The NHEJ includes the classic and the error- prone alternative NHEJ pathways. The classic NHEJ pathway initiates with broken ends bound by Ku proteins, which protects ends. Following the Ku binding a cataract of endonucleases and ligases, key-players of NHEJ is taking place.
