Figure 2.

Histological evaluation of the effects of chrysin on CsA-induced tubular damage. Male Sprague Dawley rats were treated with CsA in combination with or without chrysin. Rats were euthanized on day 28; the kidneys were removed and fixed, and tubular damage was visualized using H&E staining. Compared to rats treated with (A) vehicle or (C) 50 mg/kg chrysin, tissue from animals treated with 25 mg/kg CsA (B) showed tubular dilation and edema. Appearance of casts (asterisk in the inset of B) and tubular vacuolization (black arrow in the inset) were also seen in kidneys from animals treated with CsA alone. Co-treatment with (D) 25 mg/kg CsA + 50 mg/kg chrysin or (E) 25 mg/kg CsA + 10 mg/kg chrysin showed no signs of tubular damage. Representative micrographs are shown at a magnification of 200× (inset 1000×). The scale bar represents 100 µm (panel (B) inset scale bar represents 20 µm).