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The fate of 1,2-unsaturated PAs to adduct formation. Different steps are delineated leading from 1,2-unsaturated PAs to their adduct formation with proteins and DNA. DHPA is partially detoxified through conjugation with glutathione. Abbreviations: DHP, dehydronecine pyrrolizidine; DHPA, dehydropyrrolizidine alkaloid; PA, pyrrolizidine alkaloid. The figure was retrieved from the open access report of Schramm et al. [37].
