Figure 4.

Induction of AP-1 activity and JNK signaling using the combination therapy of DFMO and cisplatin. An AP-1 luciferase plasmid vector was transiently transfected into SKOV-3 cells for 48 h. The transfected cells were seeded in cell culture plates and treated with cisplatin or DFMO for 48 h. The AP-1 luciferase activity of DFMO- or cisplatin/DFMO-treated cells was measured using the Luciferase Assay System (A,D). Western blot and quantification of the proteins of JNK signaling (phospho-JNK, JNK, phospho-cJun, AP-1, c-Fos), and apoptosis (phospho-Bad, Bad) in DFMO- or cisplatin/DFMO-treated cells (B,C,E,F). The controls were treated with 0.1% DMSO. Data are expressed as mean ± SD. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001 compared with the controls.