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. 2021 Sep 30;22(19):10642. doi: 10.3390/ijms221910642

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© 2021 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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The effects of morroniside on osteoclast differentiation. Osteoclast differentiation was induced in mouse primary monocytes and they were co-treated with different concentrations of morroniside (2, 10, and 20 μM) for 5 days. (A) WST assay (left panel) and TRAP activity (right panel) of morroniside treatment in mouse primary osteoclasts. (B) Representative TRAP-positive cells were stained and visualized by a light microscope. MO; morroniside treatment. * p < 0.05 vs. Induction, ^# p < 0.05 vs. MO2, ^$ p < 0.05 vs. MO10. (one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s honest significant difference post hoc test).