Brody 1990.
| Study characteristics | ||
| Methods | Randomised trial, USA | |
| Participants | 106 patients. Mean age 57.1 years. 77% female | |
| Interventions | Trial Residents received feedback about their patient’s mental health problem (GHQ and ad hoc questionnaire about life stress) prior to seeing that patient. Residents received this feedback + a counselling protocol. And a control group with no feedback. Intervention features Single simple feedback (one PROM at a single time) PROM(s) used as intervention: GHQ 12 ‐ General Health Questionnaire Constructs measured: Symptoms Instrument categories/domains: Generic, Domain/Disease specific (mental health) Administration features Where PROMs administered: Clinical setting (e.g. waiting room, office, etc) How administered: Self‐administered Format of PROMs questionnaire(s): Paper Feedback features Format of PROMs feedback: Paper How often information fed back: Once Who information fed back to: Clinicians Information fed back: Scores, Interpretation guidance |
|
| Outcomes | Main outcome: assessment of patient mental health problem and types or amounts of mental health treatment provided Other outcomes: patient and physician evaluation of the care provided during the medical visit. | |
| Notes | The study was funded by the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation (Princeton, NJ) and Henry J. Kaiser Foundation (Meulo Park, CA) | |
| Risk of bias | ||
| Bias | Authors' judgement | Support for judgement |
| Random sequence generation (selection bias) | Unclear risk | Randomisation of participating clinics not specified |
| Allocation concealment (selection bias) | Low risk | Cluster‐randomised design. |
| Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes | High risk | Not possible due to study design (crossed design; study looking at feedback). |
| Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes | High risk | Participants of the intervention group received the outcomes as it was part of the protocol. |
| Baseline outcome measurements similar | Low risk | None apparent |
| Baseline characteristics similar | Low risk | No significant differences (table of baseline characteristics provided) |
| Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes | Unclear risk | There was no discussion on missing data |
| Was study protected against contamination | Low risk | Each clinic were either a control or intervention group and were provided with the relevant protocols |
| Selective reporting (reporting bias) | Low risk | All measures mentioned in the methods section were reported in the results |