Goldsmith 1989.
| Study characteristics | ||
| Methods | Cluster‐randomised trial, USA | |
| Participants | 62 older adults (mean age 70 years) with at least one chronic illness attending a family physicians. | |
| Interventions | Feedback of score from the SIP immediately before a visit. Intervention features Single simple feedback (one PROM at a single time) PROM(s) used as intervention: Sickness Impact Profile (SIP) Constructs measured: Functioning Instrument categories/domains: Domain/Disease specific (physical health) Administration features Where PROMs administered: Clinical setting How administered: Interviewer‐administered Format of PROMs questionnaire(s): Paper Feedback features Format of PROMs feedback: Paper How often information fed back: Once Who information fed back to: Clinicians Information fed back: Scores, Interpretation guidance |
|
| Outcomes | Main outcome: physician and patient agreement on the presence of disabilities. | |
| Notes | The study was funded by American Academy of Family Physicians. The study period was not reported. Conflicts of interest were not reported. |
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| Risk of bias | ||
| Bias | Authors' judgement | Support for judgement |
| Random sequence generation (selection bias) | Low risk | Startified randomisation method |
| Allocation concealment (selection bias) | High risk | Due to cluster‐randomised design not possible to conceal allocation from clinicians. |
| Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes | High risk | Due to nature of intervention not possible to blind patients and personnel. |
| Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes | High risk | Due to nature of the intervention blinding of outcomes not possible: PROM used for feedback also used to assess outcome, patients were aware they received the intervention. |
| Baseline outcome measurements similar | Unclear risk | Not clearly reported |
| Baseline characteristics similar | Low risk | There were no statistically significant differences between the intervention and control groups |
| Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes | Unclear risk | Not reported |
| Was study protected against contamination | Unclear risk | Not reported |
| Selective reporting (reporting bias) | Unclear risk | All relevant outcomes in the methods section are reported in the results section |