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. 2021 Oct 12;2021(10):CD011589. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD011589.pub2

Yager 1981.

Study characteristics
Methods Randomised trial, USA
Participants 150 patients from a University Medical Ambulatory Care Clinic, mostly related to chronic diseases (82%)
Median age 56 years
71% female
Interventions Assessing depression screening scores (Zung SDS) to patients
Assessing Global Depression Index (GDI) to both patients and treating physician.
Providing the results of patients' depression screening scores (Zung SDS) to physicians.
 
Intervention features
Single complex feedback (multiple PROMs at a single time) 
PROM(s) used as intervention: Zung self rating depression scale (SDS), Global Depression Index (GDI)
Constructs measured: Symptoms
Instrument categories/domains: Domain/Disease specific (mental health)
 
Administration features
Where PROMs administered: Clinical setting (e.g. waiting room, office, etc) 
How administered: Self‐administered
Format of PROMs questionnaire(s): Paper
 
Feedback features
Format of PROMs feedback: Paper
How often information fed back: Once
Who information fed back to: Clinicians
Information fed back: Scores, Interpretation guidance
Outcomes Main outcomes: effects of screening, feedback, and sensitisation on notation and treatment, physician‐patient agreement about patient depression
Notes Funding source not reported. The study period was not reported. Conflicts of interest were not reported. 
 
Risk of bias
Bias Authors' judgement Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias) Unclear risk Paper only states quote:"Patients were randomly assigned to one of six groups"
Allocation concealment (selection bias) Unclear risk Not reported
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias)
All outcomes High risk Not possible due to study design (physicians either given the global depression index and/or the Zung self rating depression scale or not).
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias)
All outcomes High risk Due to nature of intervention not possible to blind patients and personnel.
Baseline outcome measurements similar Unclear risk No comparisons were made between groups
Baseline characteristics similar Unclear risk Some demographics provided but no indication of any significance testing for differences
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias)
All outcomes Unclear risk Not reported
Was study protected against contamination Unclear risk Unclear as to whether the physicians knew which group they were in
Selective reporting (reporting bias) High risk Tables do not provide summaries for each of the intervention group rather blocked them together