DM	Diabetes Mellitus
T2DM	type 2 DM
T1DM	type 1 DM
MI	myocardial infarction
BMI	body-mass index
HRs	hazard ratios
CI	confidence Interval
MCA	middle cerebral artery
FFAs	free fatty acids
ROS	reactive oxygen species
TFR	Transferrin receptor
P13k	P13 kinase
NO	nitric oxide
NF-κΒ	nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells
PKC	protein kinase C
ET-1	endothelin-1
COX-2	cyclo-oxygenase 2
TXA2	thromboxane A2
PGI2	prostacyclin
AGEs	advanced glycation end products
RAGE	Receptor for advanced glycation endproducts
AHA	American Heart Association
GLP-1RAs	glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists
REWIND	Researching Cardiovascular Events With a Weekly Incretin in Diabetes trial
ELIXA	Evaluation of Lixisenatide in Acute Coronary Syndrome trial
LEADER	Liraglutide Effect and Action in Diabetes: Evaluation of Cardiovascular Outcome Results
SUSTAIN	Semaglutide and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
EXCEL	Exenatide Study of Cardiovascular Event Lowering Trial
HARMONY	Albiglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease
PIONEER	Oral Semaglutide and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes trial
SGLT-2is	sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors
ROCKET AF	(Rivaroxaban Once-daily, Oral, Direct Factor Xa Inhibition Compared with Vitamin K Antagonism for Prevention of Stroke and Embolism Trial in Atrial Fibrillation trial
DCCT/EDIC	Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications
UKPDS	United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study
BP	blood pressure
HbA1c	Glycated haemoglobin
ACCORD	Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes
TNF-α	Tumour necrosis factor-alpha
IL-6	Interleukin-6
IL-37	interleukin-37
VCAM-1	Vascular cell adhesion molecule 1
MiR-503	micro-ribonucleic acid 503
FABP-4	Adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein 4
TMAO	Trimethylamine N-Oxide
NfL	neurofilament light chain
1,5-AG	1,5-anhydroglucitol