Table A4.
Summary statistics outlined as pooled estimates of outcomes of interest.
| Attributes | Events | Total | Studies | Single Group Summary (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Random-Effects Model | ||||
| Demographic variables | ||||
| Age (years) | NA | 2971 | 44 | 57.08 (54.55–59.03) |
| Male | 1911 | 2985 | 44 | 0.66 (0.61–0.70) |
| Caucasians | 401 | 860 | 14 | 0.40 (0.21–0.58) |
| African-American | 170 | 898 | 15 | 0.27 (0.19–0.36) |
| Hispanics | 136 | 589 | 13 | 0.19 (0.10–0.28) |
| Deceased donor transplant | 492 | 996 | 20 | 0.58 (0.40–0.77) |
| Living donor transplant | 497 | 996 | 18 | 0.41 (0.21–0.61) |
| Comorbidities | ||||
| T2DM | 621 | 1785 | 33 | 0.34 (0.29–0.40) |
| Hypertension | 1404 | 1733 | 32 | 0.83 (0.78–0.88) |
| Heart disease | 398 | 1738 | 28 | 0.23 (0.17–0.28) |
| Chronic lung disease | 233 | 1368 | 19 | 0.15 (0.05–0.24) |
| Malignancy | 95 | 1010 | 12 | 0.08 (0.06–0.11) |
| Obesity | 239 | 713 | 14 | 0.36 (0.26–0.46) |
| Smoking | 155 | 976 | 11 | 0.15 (0.10–0.20) |
| Maintenance immunosuppression | ||||
| CNI | 1942 | 2307 | 39 | 0.91 (0.88–0.94) |
| MMF | 1784 | 2325 | 38 | 0.79 (0.73–0.85) |
| Steroid | 1876 | 2313 | 37 | 0.86 (0.82–0.90) |
| mTOR inhibitors | 267 | 1934 | 20 | 0.12 (0.09–0.16) |
| Presenting parameters and symptoms | ||||
| Fever | 1716 | 2308 | 37 | 0.77 (0.72–0.81) |
| Cough | 1362 | 2122 | 35 | 0.65 (0.61–0.69) |
| Dyspnea | 1003 | 2303 | 37 | 0.48 (0.42–0.53) |
| Gastrointestinal symptoms | 711 | 2282 | 34 | 0.29 (0.25–0.34) |
| Investigations | ||||
| Lymphocytopenia | 607 | 802 | 15 | 0.79 (0.70–0.89) |
| High CRP | 109 | 205 | 9 | 0.60 (0.35–0.84) |
| Radiological evidence of pneumonia | 982 | 1312 | 29 | 0.81 (0.74–0.88) |
| Clinical management & outcome | ||||
| ARDS | 197 | 344 | 13 | 0.58 (0.48–0.69) |
| CNI withheld/reduced | 527 | 1498 | 33 | 0.43 (0.30–0.56) |
| MMF withheld/reduced | 1181 | 1393 | 35 | 0.91 (0.88–0.94) |
| mTOR inhibitor withheld/reduced | 31 | 47 | 9 | 0.72 (0.51–0.94) |
| Increase/pulse steroid | 940 | 2172 | 31 | 0.40 (0.30–0.50) |
| HCQ | 1945 | 2623 | 34 | 0.73 (0.66–0.80) |
| Azithromycin | 739 | 1302 | 17 | 0.62 (0.47–0.76) |
| Lopinavir/ritonavir | 554 | 1861 | 18 | 0.41 (0.29–0.53) |
| Tocilizumab | 386 | 2477 | 26 | 0.21 (0.16–0.26) |
| Remdesivir | 28 | 977 | 8 | 0.03 (0.01–0.04) |
| ICU admissions | 570 | 2439 | 37 | 0.26 (0.22–0.30) |
| Mechanical ventilation | 433 | 1848 | 33 | 0.24 (0.20–0.28) |
| AKI | 626 | 1260 | 30 | 0.48 (0.43–0.53) |
| Dialysis | 118 | 534 | 27 | 0.22 (0.16–0.29) |
| ICU death | 184 | 355 | 27 | 0.53 (0.44–0.63) |
| Death on mechanical ventilator | 206 | 285 | 24 | 0.68 (0.58–0.79) |
| Hospital death | 718 | 3137 | 48 | 0.21 (0.19–0.24) |
Abbreviations—AKI: Acute kidney injury: ARDS: Acute respiratory distress syndromes; CNI: Calcineurin inhibitor; CRP: C-reactive protein; T2DM: Diabetes mellitus Type 2; GIs: Gastrointestinal symptoms; HCQ: Hydroxychloroquine: ICU: Intensive care unit; K/P: Kidney and Pancreas; MV: Mechanical ventilation; MMF: Mycophenolate mofetil; MPA: Mycophenolic acid; mTOR: Mammalian target of Rapamycin. † Pooled prevalence was measured as effect size (ES). In the case of age, it is a measure of mean; for the remaining variables, it is expressed as the proportion of individuals (i.e., events) out of a total available sample size based upon inclusion of the index parameters. Single group summary is represented as a pooled effect size (ES) and is presented as a percentage in the Results section.