Figure 4.

Effects of ESC10 mg and GAL(1-15) (1 nmol) alone or in combination on c-Fos expression. Data represent mean ± SEM of c-Fos cells/mm² in dorsal hippocampus (dentate gyrus (DG), CA1, CA3), prefrontal cortex (PFC), lateral habenula (LHb), and medial habenula (mHb). The mean ± SEM of c-Fos/5HT in the dorsal raphe (DR) and c-Fos/TH cells/mm² in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) is also shown. One way ANOVA followed by Fisher multiple comparison test (n = 3–5 in each group). In subfigures (A–D), a representative photomicrograph illustrating the different treatments are also shown. Scale bar = 100 μm. In (A) ** p < 0.01 versus OBX SS+aCSF and SHAM SS+aCSF and *** p < 0.001 versus OBX ESC10 mg/kg+aCSF. In (B) * p < 0.05 SHAM SS+aCSF versus OBX ESC10 mg/kg+aCSF and ** p < 0.01 versus OBX ESC10 mmg/kg+aCSF; In (C) * p < 0.05 versus SHAM SS+aCSF and ** p < 0.01 versus OBX SS+aCSF; In (D) ** p < 0.01 versus OBX SS+aCSF; In (E): In CA1, * p < 0.05 versus OBX SS+aCSF and ** p < 0.01 versus OBX ESC10 mg/kg+aCSF. In CA3, * p < 0.05 versus OBX ESC10 mg/kg+aCSF and SHAM SS+aCSF, and ** p < 0.01 versus OBX ESC10 mg/kg+aCSF and SHAM SS+aCSF. In PFC ** p < 0.01 versus OBX ESC10 mg/kg+aCSF and ## p < 0.01 versus OBX SS+aCSF.