Table 2.
Periodontal clinical characteristics, stratified according to halitosis status.
| No Halitosis (n = 40) |
Halitosis (n = 32) |
p-Value * | Total (n = 72) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tooth brushing frequency, n (%) | ||||
| Once a day or less | 5 (12.5) | 7 (21.9) | 0.076 | 12 (16.7) |
| Twice a day | 19 (47.5) | 7 (21.9) | 26 (36.1) | |
| More than twice a day | 16 (40.0) | 18 (56.2) | 34 (47.2) | |
| Interdental cleaning, n (%) | ||||
| No | 22 (55.0) | 15 (46.7) | 0.636 | 26 (51.0) |
| Yes | 18 (45.0) | 17 (53.3) | 25 (49.0) | |
| Periodontal staging, n (%) | ||||
| I/II | 2 (5.0) | 4 (12.5) | 0.191 | 6 (8.3) |
| III | 15 (37.5) | 16 (50.0) | 31 (43.1) | |
| IV | 23 (57.5) | 12 (37.5) | 35 (48.6) | |
| Periodontal extent, n (%) | ||||
| Localized | 13 (32.5) | 11 (34.4) | 1.000 | 24 (33.3) |
| Generalized | 27 (67.5) | 21 (65.6) | 48 (66.7) | |
| Periodontal clinical parameters, mean (SD) | ||||
| BOP (%) | 20.9 (18.4) | 19.9 (18.3) | 0.865 | 20.5 (18.2) |
| PI (%) | 35.5 (21.5) | 30.6 (18.0) | 0.371 | 33.3 (20.0) |
| CAL (mm) | 6.0 (±0.08) | 6.0 (±0.05) | 0.562 | 6.0 (0.07) |
| PPD (mm) | 3.1 (±0.8) | 3.2 (±0.7) | 0.493 | 3.2 (0.7) |
| Recession (mm) | 1.0 (0.9) | 1.0 (1.1) | 0.504 | 1.0 (0.9) |
| Missing teeth | 10.1 (5.7) | 7.8 (5.1) | 0.066 | 9.1 (5.5) |
| PISA Total | 89.9 (120.0) | 95.3 (107.5) | 0.227 | 92.3 (113.9) |
| PESA Total | 311.8 (179.7) | 344.3 (151.5) | 0.230 | 326.3 (167.4) |
| PISA Posterior | 69.8 (102.9) | 76.7 (94.7) | 0.200 | 72.9 (98.7) |
| PISA Anterior | 20.1 (22.7) | 18.6 (19.9) | 0.977 | 19.4 (21.4) |
| PISA Posterior-Upper | 60.2 (93.4) | 65.8 (86.9) | 0.268 | 62.7 (89.9) |
| PISA Anterior-Upper | 7.8 (11.0) | 8.5 (14.0) | 0.964 | 8.1 (12.4) |
| PISA Posterior-Lower | 9.6 (13.0) | 11.0 (11.7) | 0.283 | 10.2 (12.4) |
| PISA Anterior-Lower | 12.3 (14.1) | 10.1 (11.4) | 0.623 | 11.3 (12.9) |
| PESA Posterior | 224.8 (158.2) | 261.2 (141.2) | 0.239 | 241.0 (150.9) |
| PESA Anterior | 88.6 (32.0) | 94.2 (20.3) | 0.272 | 91.1 (27.4) |
| PESA Posterior-Upper | 184.0 (143.0) | 209.7 (134.8) | 0.344 | 195.4 (139.0) |
| PESA Anterior-Upper | 36.9 (21.0) | 42.0 (17.2) | 0.106 | 39.1 (19.5) |
| PESA Posterior-Lower | 40.8 (23.9) | 51.6 (17.0) | 0.031 | 45.6 (21.7) |
| PESA Anterior-Lower | 51.8 (17.4) | 52.2 (16.7) | 0.721 | 52.0 (16.9) |
* Chi-square test for categorical variables and Mann–Whitney test for continuous variables, p < 0.05 denoted in bold.