| ADAM | adaptive moment estimation |
| AUC | area under the receiver operating characteristic curve |
| CNN | convolutional neural network |
| CXRs | chest radiograph |
| DICOM | Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine |
| Grad-CAM | gradient-weighted class activation mapping |
| MAE | mean absolute error |
| ML | machine learning |
| MR | magnetic resonance |
| ReLU | rectified linear unit |
| RMSE | root mean square error |
| SAM | summarized activation map |