Table 2.
Univariate and multivariate analysis of factors predictive of AKD in COVID-19 patients.
| Characteristic | AKD | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | p-Value | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | p-Value | |
| Age | 1.01 (1.00–1.03) | 0.073 | ||
| Gender (Male) | 1.26 (0.76–2.08) | 0.364 | ||
| Comorbidities | ||||
| Hypertension | 2.59 (1.40–4.80) | 0.003 | 2.95 (1.36–6.38) | 0.006 |
| Diabetes | 1.16 (0.68–1.96) | 0.593 | ||
| CVD | 1.66 (1.00–2.74) | 0.049 | ||
| CKD | 7.57 (4.32–13.26) | <0.001 | 6.17 (2.56–19.43) | <0.001 |
| COPD | 0.65 (0.29–1.47) | 0.299 | ||
| Cirrhosis | 0.43 (0.10–1.91) | 0.269 | ||
| Neoplasia | 1.38 (0.71–2.71) | 0.343 | ||
| RAAS inhibitors | 1.17 (0.71–1.91) | 0.541 | ||
| Lab at admission | ||||
| Serum Cr | 1.96 (1.46–2.63) | <0.001 | 1.25 (0.97–1.61) | 0.087 |
| Hemoglobin | 0.87 (0.78–0.97) | 0.010 | 0.87 (0.76–0.99) | 0.034 |
| NL ratio | 1.00 (0.97–1.04) | 0.903 | ||
| Serum albumin | 0.65 (0.39–1.06) | 0.086 | ||
| Serum ferritin | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) | 0.972 | ||
| CRP | 0.96 (0.93–0.99) | 0.010 | 0.95 (0.91–0.98) | 0.004 |
| Acidemia | 3.37 (1.67–6.80) | 0.001 | 1.45 (0.61–3.67) | 0.375 |
| Lactate level | 1.00 (0.97–1.04) | 0.869 | ||
| Nephrotoxins | 3.24 (1.71–6.13) | <0.001 | 6.76 (2.82–16.17) | <0.001 |
AKI, acute kidney injury; ARDS, acute respiratory distress syndrome; CRP, c-reactive protein; CKD, chronic kidney disease; CVD, cardiovascular disease; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; ICU, intensive care unit; GFR, glomerular filtration rate; Lab, laboratory; NL, neutrophil and lymphocyte; RRT, renal replacement therapy; RAAS, renin angiotensin aldosterone system; SCR, serum creatinine; SOFA, sequential organ failure assessment.