. 2021 Sep 27;10(19):4430. doi: 10.3390/jcm10194430

Table 1.

miRNA molecules involved in the regulation of the signalling pathways in the process of atrial fibrosis.

miRNA	Effect	Regulation in Fibrosis	Signal Pathway	Target Genes	References
miR-21	profibrotic	up	TGF-β-Smad 3 ERK-MAPK	TβR-III	[118,119,120,121]
				Spry1
				STAT3
miR-208a/b	profibrotic	up	TGF-β	Endoglin	[115,122,123]
				β-MHC
				Sox5
				Sox6
				THRAP1
miR-101	antifibrotic	down	TGF-β	TβR-I	[124,125]
miR-30a	antifibrotic	down	CTGF	CTGF	[126,127]
				Snail 1
				Periostin
miR-133	antifibrotic	down	CTGF	CTGF	[126,128]
				TGF-β
				TβR-II
miR-590	antifibrotic	down	TGF-β	TGF-β	[128]
miR-590	antifibrotic	down	TGF-β	TβR-II	[128]
miR-132	antifibrotic	down	CTGF	CTGF	[117]
miR-26a	antifibrotic	down	CTGF	CTGF	[129]
miR-26a	antifibrotic	down	PI3K-AKT	COL1	[129]
miR-29b	antifibrotic	down	ERK	COL1α1	[130]
				COL1α2
				COL3α1
				Elastin
				Fibronectin

COL—collagen; ERK—extracellular signal-regulated kinase; ERK-MAPK—extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling pathway and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway; PI3K-AKT—Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase—protein kinase B; Snail 1—zinc finger protein; Spry 1—protein Sprouty homolog 1; Sox 5, -6—Transcription factors Sox 5, -6; STAT3—signal transducer and activator of transcription 3; TβR-I, II, III—transforming growth factor receptor β-I, -II, -III; THRAP1—mediator of RNA polymerase II transcription subunit 13.