Table 4. Association of accelerometer-derived sleep measures with psychiatric diagnoses and polygenic risk scores.
| Bedtime | Wake-up time | Sleep duration | WASO | Sleep efficiency | # awakenings | Longest sleep bout | # naps | Bedtime variability | Sleep dur. variability | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Psychiatric diagnoses | ||||||||||
| Any psychiatric diagnosis N = 9,888 |
0.07 [0.06, 0.09] (7 × 10−23) |
0.10 [0.09, 0.11] (1 × 10−43) |
−0.02 [−0.03, 0.00] (0.01) |
0.10 [0.09, 0.12] (8 × 10−47) |
−0.12 [−0.14, −0.11] (2 × 10−64) |
0.10 [0.09, 0.11] (8 × 10−44) |
−0.09 [−0.11, −0.08] (1 × 10−37) |
0.11 [0.09, 0.12] (7 × 10−49) |
0.08 [0.06, 0.09] (2 × 10−26) |
0.10 [0.09, 0.12] (2 × 10−44) |
|
Major depressive disorder (F32-F33)
N = 7,197 |
0.07 [0.05, 0.08] (1 × 10−21) |
0.09 [0.08, 0.11] (2 × 10−38) |
−0.02 [−0.04, −0.01] (0.003) |
0.09 [0.08, 0.11] (1 × 10−40) |
−0.11 [−0.13, −0.10] (3 × 10−56) |
0.09 [0.07, 0.10] (1 × 10−34) |
−0.08 [−0.10, −0.07] (5 × 10−31) |
0.10 [0.09, 0.12] (2 × 10−48) |
0.08 [0.06, 0.09] (8 × 10−27) |
0.10 [0.09, 0.11] (2 × 10−44) |
|
Anxiety (F40-41)
N = 4,847 |
0.03 [0.01, 0.04] (8 × 10−5) |
0.04 [0.03, 0.06] (7 × 10−10) |
0.00 [−0.01, 0.01] (0.9) |
0.04 [0.03, 0.06] (1 × 10−9) |
−0.05 [−0.06, −0.03] (6 × 10−12) |
0.04 [0.03, 0.06] (2 × 10−10) |
−0.04 [−0.05, −0.02] (2 × 10−7) |
0.04 [0.02, 0.05] (4 × 10−7) |
0.03 [0.01, 0.04] (0.0003) |
0.04 [0.03, 0.06] (1 × 10−9) |
|
Bipolar/mania (F30-F31)
N = 197 |
0.01 [0.00, 0.03] (0.07) |
0.02 [0.01, 0.04] (0.0007) |
0.00 [−0.01, 0.01] (0.9) |
0.03 [0.01, 0.04] (0.0002) |
−0.03 [−0.05, −0.02] (2 × 10−6) |
0.03 [0.02, 0.05] (1 × 10−6) |
−0.03 [−0.04, −0.02] (2 × 10−5) |
0.04 [0.03, 0.05] (2 × 10−9) |
0.02 [0.01, 0.03] (0.002) |
0.02 [0.01, 0.04] (0.001) |
|
Schizophrenia spectrum (F20-F29)
N = 101 |
−0.01 [−0.02, 0.01] (0.4) |
0.03 [0.01, 0.04] (0.0001) |
0.04 [0.02, 0.05] (1 × 10−7) |
0.02 [0.01, 0.04] (0.0007) |
−0.02 [−0.04, 0.01] (0.0004) |
0.02 [0.00, 0.03] (0.01) |
0.00 [−0.01, 0.02] (0.7) |
0.05 [0.03, 0.06] (1 × 10−12) |
0.02 [0.01, 0.03] (0.003) |
0.03 [0.01, 0.04] (7 × 10−5) |
| Psychiatric polygenic risk scores | ||||||||||
| Major depression polygenic risk score | 0.00 [−0.01, 0.01] (0.8) |
0.01 [0.00, 0.02] (0.2) |
0.00 [−0.01, 0.01] (0.8) |
0.03 [0.02, 0.04] (1 × 10−5) |
−0.03 [−0.04, −0.02] (1 × 10−5) |
0.03 [0.01, 0.04] (4 × 10−5) |
−0.03 [−0.04, −0.02] (1 × 10−5) |
0.04 [0.02, 0.05] (3 × 10−8) |
0.03 [0.02, 0.05] (7 × 10−7) |
0.03 [0.02, 0.04] (6 × 10−6) |
| Bipolar disorder polygenic risk score | 0.01 [−0.01, 0.02] (0.4) |
0.02 [0.01, 0.03] (0.004) |
0.01 [0.00, 0.02] (0.2) |
0.01 [0.00, 0.02] (0.2) |
0.00 [−0.02, 0.01] (0.5) |
0.01 [0.00, 0.02] (0.1) |
0.00 [−0.01, 0.01] (0.9) |
0.01 [−0.01, 0.02] (0.3) |
0.02 [0.00, 0.03] (0.02) |
0.01 [0.00, 0.03] (0.07) |
| Schizophrenia polygenic risk score | 0.01 [0.00, 0.03] (0.07) |
0.03 [0.01, 0.04] (8 × 10−5) |
0.00 [−0.01, 0.01] (0.9) |
0.02 [0.01, 0.04] (0.001) |
−0.02 [−0.03, −0.01] (0.007) |
0.02 [0.01, 0.04] (0.0006) |
−0.02 [−0.03, −0.01] (0.003) |
0.04 [0.03, 0.05] (3 × 10−9) |
0.05 [0.03, 0.06] (1 × 10−11) |
0.06 [0.04, 0.07] (1 × 10−17) |
Covariate-corrected linear regression effect sizes (standardized β coefficients) and p-values for association between each sleep measure and each psychiatric diagnosis, across the 86,513 self-reported white participants with accelerometry. Bold denotes significant associations at 5% FDR; square brackets denote 95% confidence intervals; rounded brackets denote p-values.
FDR, false discovery rate; WASO, wake after sleep onset.