Table 1.
Effects of polyphenols and carotenoid compounds against an oxidant inducer (tBOOH) of developmental toxicity in zebrafish.
| Compound | Lethality | Dysmorphogenesis | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LC50 (mM) tBOOH (95% CI) |
LC50 (mM) (Compound + tBOOH) (95% CI) |
p-Value | Effect | EC50 (mM) tBOOH (95% CI) |
EC50 (mM) (Compound + tBOOH) (95% CI) |
p-Value | Effect | |
| Naringenin (20 μM) |
2.1 (2.0–2.2) |
3.4 (3.3–3.7) |
<0.0001 | PE 1 | 1.7 (1.6–1.8) |
1.8 (1.5–2.0) |
>0.05 | S/E 2 |
| Apigenin (10 μM) |
2.1 (2.0–2.2) |
3.3 (3.2–3.4) |
<0.0001 | PE | 1.7 (1.6–1.8) |
2.0 (1.7–2.2) |
0.0006 | PE |
| Rutin (10 μM) |
2.1 (2.0–2.2) |
3.6 (3.5–3.9) |
<0.0001 | PE | 1.7 (1.6–1.8) |
1.8 (1.7–2.0) |
<0.0008 | PE |
| Oleuropein (15 μM) |
2.1 (2.0–2.2) |
2.6 (2.5–2.7) |
<0.0001 | PE | 1.7 (1.6–1.8) |
1.8 (1.7–1.9) |
>0.05 | S/E |
| Chlorogenic acid (20 μM) |
2.1 (2.0–2.2) |
2.5 (2.4–2.6) |
0.0028 | PE | 1.7 (1.6–1.8) |
1.8 (1.5–2.2) |
>0.05 | S/E |
| Curcumin (15 μM) |
2.1 (2.0–2.2) |
3.2 (3.1–3.2) |
<0.0001 | PE | 1.7 (1.6–1.8) |
3.0 (2.8–3.2) |
<0.0001 | PE |
| Lycopene (20 μM) |
2.1 (2.0–2.2) |
2.6 (2.5–2.6) |
0.0003 | PE | 1.7 (1.6–1.8) |
1.7 (1.5–1.9) |
0.56 | S/E |
| β-carotene (25 μM) |
2.1 (2.0–2.2) |
1.7 (1.6–1.7) |
0.0001 | IL 3 | 1.7 (1.6–1.8) |
1.5 (1.5–1.6) |
0.01 | ID 4 |
| Astaxanthin (20 μM) |
2.1 (2.0–2.2) |
3.7 (3.5–3.9) |
<0.0001 | PE | 1.7 (1.6–1.8) |
1.9 (1.7–2.1) |
0.0506 | S/E |
1 PE: protective effect. 2 S/E: no effect because there is no difference regarding the 95% confidence interval. 3 IL: increased lethality. 4 ID: increased dysmorphogenesis. Values of LC50 and EC50 are expressed in mM.