Fecal transplantation from db/db mice treated with SB attenuates ischemic stroke injury by protecting the BBB. (a) Serum levels of LPS, LBP, IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β in the four groups. (b) Expression of ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and MMP-9 in the brains of the four groups. (c) Electron microscopy images of the cerebral capillary glycocalyx (scale bar = 1 μm), more detailed views of the boxed areas in the images of the cerebral capillary glycocalyx (scale bar = 500 nm), and measurements of the components of the glycocalyx syndecan-1 and HS. (d) Expression levels of tight-junction proteins ZO-1, occludin, and claudin-4 in the brains of the four groups. n = 8 to 9 animals per group. Data are presented as mean values ± SD. Asterisks (*) show comparisons with the rWT-Con group, and pound signs (#) show comparisons with the rDb-Con group. *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001; #, P < 0.05; ##, P < 0.01; ###, P < 0.001.