PABPC4 degrades the coronavirus N proteins through selective autophagy. (A) Plasmids encoding FLAG-PABPC4 and HA-SARS-CoV-2-N were transfected into 293T cells and then treated cells with MG132 (5 μM), 3MA (0.5 mM), CQ (10 μM), or Baf A1 (0.1 μM) for 8 h. The cell lysates were then analyzed by Western blotting. (B to H) HEK 293T cells were cotransfected with small interfering RNA (NDP52 siRNA, MARCH8 siRNA, ATG5 siRNA, or negative-control siRNA) and plasmids encoding FLAG-PABPC4 and HA-SARS-CoV-2-N (B), HA-HCoV 229E-N (C), HA-MERS-N (D), HA-SARS-N (E), HA-MHV-N (F), HA-IBV-N (G), or HA-PDCoV-N (H) and then analyzed by Western blotting with anti-HA antibody. β-actin was used as the loading control.