Table 1.
Summary of the methods for AuNP synthesis.
| HAuCl4 Concentration | Chemicals Used | AuNPs Size | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Turkevich synthesis | |||
| 0.15 mM | sodium citrate | 20 nm | [52] |
| 5.8 mM | sodium 3-mercaptopropionate, and sodium citrate | 10 nm | [53] |
| 0.5 M | sodium citrate | 40 nm | [54] |
| 24.3 mM | sodium citrate | 4 nm | [55] |
| 1 mM | sodium citrate | 10 nm | [56] |
| 0.25 mM | sodium citrate | 18 nm | [57] |
| 1 mM | sodium citrate | 13 nm | [58] |
| 0.25 mM | sodium citrate | 9 nm | [59] |
| Synthesis with NaBH4 with/without citrate | |||
| 0.25 mM | NaCl, NaBH4 and sodium citrate | 19 nm | [86] |
| 0.1 mM | sodium citrate, NaBH4 | 6 nm | [61] |
| 0.3 mM | NaBH4 | 30 nm | [87] |
| 0.25 mL | sodium citrate, NaBH4 | 3.5 nm | [88] |
| 0.1 mM | NaBH4 | 7 nm | [89] |
| 0.03 mM | sodium citrate, NaBH4 | 4 nm | [90] |
| 0.3 mM | sodium citrate, NaBH4 | 8 nm | [91] |
| Brust–Schiffrin method | |||
| 30 mM | tetraoctylammonium bromide, dodecanethiol, NaBH4 | 2.5 nm | [63] |
| 30 mM | tetraoctylammonium bromide, NaBH4 | 3.4 nm | [92] |
| 10 mM | tetraoctylammonium bromide, cetyltrimethylammonium chloride, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, NaBH4 | 10 nm | [2] |
| 30 mM | tetraoctylammonium bromide, pentanethiol, NaBH4 | 5 nm | [93] |
| 10 mM | 3-mercaptopropionic acid, tetraoctylammonium bromide, NaBH4 | 2 nm | [64] |
| 30 mM | 4-(N,N-dimethylaminopyridine), NaBH4 | 20 nm | [65] |
| 0.45 mM | tetraoctylammonium bromide, dodecanethiol, NaBH4 | 1.8 nm | [94] |
| 34 mM | tetraoctylammonium bromide, NaBH4 | 1.8 nm | [95] |
| 30 mM | tetraoctylammonium bromide, NaBH4 | 10 nm | [96] |
| 0.1 mM | tetraoctylammonium bromide, 1-decanethiol, NaBH4 | 4 nm | [97] |
| 30 mM | tetraoctylammonium bromide, 4-dimethylaminopyridine, NaBH4 | 5.5 nm | [98] |
| 4.0 mM | tetraoctylammonium bromide, Chlorobenzenemethanethiol, NaBH4 | 3–4 nm | [67] |
| 50 mM | HCl, NaBH4, NaOH, dodecanethiol, n-hexane, | 4 nm | [99] |
| 5 mM | tetraoctylammonium bromide, 1-hexanethiol, NaBH4 | 2 nm | [100] |
| Synthesis by Seeding-Growth technique | |||
| 0.25 mM | sodium citrate, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, NaBH4, ascorbic acid | 6 nm 17 nm 37 nm |
[69] |
| 0.25 mM | cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, AgNO3, ascorbic acid | 10 nm | [70] |
| 10 mM | cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, NaBH4, AgNO3, ascorbic acid | 33 nm length 13 nm width |
[101] |
| 0.25 mM | 1,2-Bis(10,12-tricosadiynoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, sodium citrate, NaBH4, ascorbic acid | 17 nm | [102] |
| Synthesis by ascorbic acid | |||
| 0.05 mM | cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, ascorbic acid | 30 nm | [71] |
| 20 mM | cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, ascorbic acid | 15 nm | [72] |
| 0.5 mM | ascorbic acid, chitosan | 18 nm | [73] |
| Green synthesis | |||
| 0.1 mM | Avena sativa biomass | 5–20 nm | [74] |
| 1 mM | Thyme | 6–26 nm | [75] |
| 10 mM | N-(4-imidazolyl)methylchitosan | 3 nm | [76] |
| 5 mM | Hibiscus sabdariffa L. | 9 nm | [77] |
| 1 mM | Chitosan | 10–15 nm | [78] |
| 0.2 mM | Guggulutiktham Kashayam | 15–50 nm | [79] |
| 0.3 mM | coconut oil | 25–45 nm | [80] |
| 0.25 mM | Anacardium occidentale | 15–40 nm | [81] |
| 0.1 M | Natural honey | 15 nm | [82] |
| 60 mM | Volvariella volvacea mushroom | 20–150 nm | [83] |
| 3–5% | Aqueous coffee pulp extract (Coffea arabica L.) | 5–22 nm | [84] |
| 1 mM | Garcinia kola pulp extract | 18–38 nm | [85] |