FIG 3.

Heterogeneity in cell length can be linked to expression level or growth defects. (A) Cell length and width corrected for plate effects (Materials and Methods) of all strains in the uninduced condition. Solid red lines indicate the median width and length, and the dashed red lines indicate ±3 standard deviations (SD) from the median, estimated from the median absolute distance. Purple dots are outer membrane-related genes. (B and C) During outgrowth from stationary phase, dnaX cells exhibited heterogeneity in dnaX expression. Cells with low dnaX expression filamented (B) and grew more slowly (C) than cells with higher dnaX expression. (D) The racR strain exhibited filamentation, bulging (white asterisks), and lysis (white arrows) during outgrowth.