Table 3.

Overview of studies, registries, and surveys studying the main causes for not reaching target doses of guideline-recommended treatments

	BIOSTAT-HF [21]	ESC HF Long-term Registry [22]	GICC-HF [25]
ACEi/ARB	Female sex
	Lower BMI
	eGFR
		Hypotension
			Older age
			Worsening renal function
BB	Higher age
	Lower heart rate
	Lower diastolic blood pressure
	More signs of congestion
		Hypotension
		Bradyarrhytmia
			Presence of COPD
MRA		Hyperkalemia