Table 3.

Incidence per 1000 person-years and hazards ratio (95% confidence interval) of Meniere’s disease.

Variables	N	Case	Person-years	Incidence	Unadjusted HR (95% CI)	P value	Adjusted HR (95% CI)	P value
Group
Comparison group	5144	190	56,172.7	3.38	1 (ref)		1 (ref)
CKD group	2572	81	22,280.6	3.64	1.34 (1.03–1.75)*	0.028	1.45 (1.11–1.89)**	0.006
Sex
Male	4027	111	40,304.9	2.75	1 (ref)		1 (ref)
Female	3689	160	38,148.4	4.19	1.48 (1.16–1.88)**	0.002	1.48 (1.16–1.88)**	0.002
Age (years)
< 45	2117	41	22,794.3	1.80	1 (ref)		1 (ref)
45–64	3606	143	37,632.3	3.80	2.13 (1.51–3.02)***	< 0.001	2.06 (1.45–2.94)***	< 0.001
> 64	1993	87	18,026.7	4.83	2.98 (2.05–4.32)***	< 0.001	2.94 (2.00–4.31)***	< 0.001
Residence
Seoul	1872	53	19,147.5	2.77	1 (ref)		1 (ref)
2nd area	1954	72	19,928.0	3.61	1.31 (0.92–1.87)	0.134	1.39 (0.98–1.99)	0.068
3rd area	3890	146	39,377.9	3.71	1.35 (0.99–1.85)	0.062	1.34 (0.98–1.84)	0.068
Household income
Low (0–30%)	1566	52	15,658.4	3.32	1 (ref)		1 (ref)
Middle (30–70%)	2823	104	28,970.4	3.59	1.06 (0.76–1.48)	0.731	1.14 (0.81–1.58)	0.457
High (70–100%)	3327	115	33,824.5	3.40	1.01 (0.73–1.40)	0.962	1.01 (0.73–1.41)	0.937
Hypertension
No	7212	254	73,305.2	3.46	1 (ref)		1 (ref)
Yes	504	17	5148.1	3.30	0.94 (0.57–1.53)	0.797	0.88 (0.54–1.45)	0.625
Diabetes mellitus
No	4639	141	47,895.4	2.94	1 (ref)		1 (ref)
Yes	3077	130	30,557.9	4.25	1.46 (1.15–1.86)**	0.002	1.25 (0.98–1.60)	0.074

CKD, Chronic kidney disease; SSNHL, Sudden sensorineural hearing loss; HR, Hazard ratio; CI, Confidence interval. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.010, and ***P < 0.001.