Table 2.

Overview of the model parameters, relevant fit bounds and range of data used for fitting (patient-specific, or all patients as a whole). We allowed for a wide range of growth rates with biologically reasonable limits³⁴. Bounds for $\epsilon$ followed previous work¹², and the full range of possible values was used for the surviving fraction S. A 30% volume deviation was considered for the initial tumor volume.

Parameter	Unit	Meaning	Fit bounds	Patient-specific
$\lambda$	day${}^{-1}$	Tumor growth rate in the absence of treatment	[0.017, 0.14]	–
$\epsilon$	day${}^{-1}$	Evolution of resistance rate	[0, 0.1]	$✓$
S		Radiation surviving fraction	[0, 1]	$✓$
$V_0$	cm${}^3$	Pretreatment tumor volume	$V_0\times [0.7,1.3]$	$✓$