Table 2.
Summary of Reporting and Inclusion of Diverse Demographic Groups, Subgroup Analyses, and Limitations
| Total Sample* (articles, n = 50) (participants, n = 9,124) | Methadone only (articles, n = 8) (participants, n = 1,234) | Buprenorphine only (articles, n = 24) (participants, n = 4,792) | Naltrexone only (articles, n = 9) (participants, n = 1,072) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | |
| Full | 11 (22.0%) | 1 (12.5%) | 4 (16.7%) | 2 (22.2%) |
| Partial | 38 (76.0%) | 6 (75.0%) | 20 (83.3%) | 7 (77.8%) |
| None | 1 (2.0%) | 1 (12.5%) | 0 | 0 |
| Sex Inclusion | ||||
| Reported on inclusion of female/women participants | 17 (34.0%) | 1 (12.5%) | 10 (41.7%) | 1 (11.1%) |
| Females/women includeda | 1,380 (22.3%) | 43 (5.4%) | 883 (31.8%) | 12 (1.3%) |
| Race/Ethnicity Reporting | ||||
| Full | 21 (42.0%) | 4 (50.0%) | 9 (37.5%) | 3 (33.3%) |
| Partial | 27 (54.0%) | 3 (37.5%) | 15 (62.5%) | 5 (55.6%) |
| None | 2 (4.0%) | 1 (12.5%) | 0 | 1 (11.1%) |
| Racial/Ethnic Inclusion | ||||
| Reported on inclusion of Black participants | 32 (64.0%) | 5 (62.5%) | 14 (58.3%) | 7 (77.8%) |
| Black participants includedb | 1,909 (27.3%) | 446 (49.6%) | 614 (16.0%) | 475 (61.4%) |
| Reported on inclusion of Asian participants | 3 (6.0%) | 1 (12.5%) | 1 (4.2%) | 1 (11.1%) |
| Asian participants includedb | 8 (0.1%) | 5 (0.6%) | 1 (0.03%) | 2 (0.3%) |
| Reported on inclusion of AI/AN participants | 2 (4.0%) | 1 (12.5%) | 1 (4.2%) | 0 |
| AI/AN participants includedb | 6 (0.1%) | 4 (0.4%) | 2 (0.1%) | 0 |
| Reported on inclusion of Hispanic/Latinx participants | 24 (48.0%) | 4 (50.0%) | 12 (50.0%) | 5 (55.6%) |
| SES Inclusion | ||||
| Reported on employment | 36 (72.0%) | 6 (75.0%) | 17 (70.8%) | 7 (77.8%) |
| Reported on income | 5 (10.0%) | 3 (37.5%) | 2 (8.3%) | 0 |
| Reported on living arrangement or homelessness | 6 (12.0%) | 1 (12.5%) | 4 (16.7%) | 1 (11.1%) |
| None | 10 (20.0%) | 1 (12.5%) | 4 (16.7%) | 2 (22.2%) |
| Other Inclusion | ||||
| Reported on HIV status | 3 (6.0%) | 1 (12.5%) | 2 (8.3%) | 0 |
| Reported on Hepatitis C status | 5 (10.0%) | 0 | 5 (20.8%) | 0 |
| Reported on people on parole/probation or incarcerated/in court ordered treatment | 7 (14.0%) | 1 (12.5%) | 0 | 5 (55.6%) |
| Subgroup Analyses Conducted | ||||
| Race/Ethnicity | 4 (8.0%) | 0 | 2 (8.3%) | 1 (11.1%) |
| Sex/Gender | 8 (16.0%) | 2 (25.0%) | 4 (16.7%) | 1 (11.1%) |
| SES | 3 (6.0%) | 0 | 2 (8.3%) | 1 (11.1%) |
| Included as Limitations | ||||
| Race/Ethnicity | 3 (6.0%) | 1 (12.5%) | 2 (8.3%) | 0 |
| Sex/Gender | 1 (2.0%) | 0 | 0 | 1 (11.1%) |
| SES | 3 (6.0%) | 2 (25.0%) | 1 (4.2%) | 0 |
Note. The numbers presented in this table do not necessarily reflect the full counts and percentages of individuals included but reflect representation based on information given in the articles. Percentages may not total 100 due to partial reporting; SES = socioeconomic status; AI/AN = American Indian/Alaska Native.
The total sample sizes and percentages are based off all articles including those for methadone, buprenorphine, naltrexone, and articles including two medications of interest.
The percentage of females/women included is based on the combined sample size of articles reporting any sex/gender information (n = 6,192; 790; 2,779; and 915 participants for the total sample, methadone, buprenorphine, and naltrexone, respectively).
The percentage of individuals included is based on the combined sample size of articles reporting any racial/ethnic information (n = 6,994; 900; 3,843; and 774 participants for the total sample, methadone, buprenorphine, and naltrexone, respectively).