Table 2.
Incidence rates and adjusted hazard ratios of cancer risk between vitiligo patients and reference subjects.
| Patients With Vitiligo (N = 13,824) | Controls Without Vitiligo (N = 55,296) | Multivariate analysis | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IR (95% CI)a | Events | PY | IR (95% CI)a | Events | PY | aHR (95% CI)b | P-value | |
| Cancer, overall | 621.06 (566.56–675.55) | 499 | 80,347.09 | 726.99 (697.24–756.74) | 2294 | 315,547.23 | 0.82 (0.74–0.90) | < 0.001 |
| Oral cavity, and pharynx | 30.74 (18.69–42.79) | 25 | 81,336.64 | 35.59 (29.05–42.12) | 114 | 320,358.05 | 0.87 (0.56–1.35) | 0.538 |
| Thyroid | 22.13 (11.90–32.35) | 18 | 81,351.38 | 17.16 (12.63–21.70) | 55 | 320,448.03 | 1.24 (0.73–2.12) | 0.422 |
| Digestive systemc | 230.64 (197.58–263.70) | 187 | 81,077.74 | 253.85 (236.37–271.34) | 810 | 319,079.84 | 0.86 (0.73–1.01) | 0.066 |
| Stomach | 29.50 (17.70–41.31) | 24 | 81,350.07 | 28.09 (22.28–33.89) | 90 | 320,434.53 | 0.96 (0.60–1.53) | 0.862 |
| Colon, Rectum | 87.35 (67.03–107.66) | 71 | 81,286.76 | 89.98 (79.59–100.37) | 288 | 320,074.28 | 0.96 (0.74–1.24) | 0.735 |
| Liver | 88.61 (68.14–109.08) | 72 | 81,255.49 | 100.36 (89.38–111.34) | 321 | 319,859.86 | 0.80 (0.61–1.04) | 0.095 |
| Pancreas | 9.83 (3.02–16.64) | 8 | 81,395.03 | 12.17 (8.35–15.98) | 39 | 320,562.62 | 0.81 (0.38–1.74) | 0.588 |
| Gall bladder | 7.37 (1.47–13.27) | 6 | 81,383.86 | 7.49 (4.49–10.48) | 24 | 320,573.19 | 0.83 (0.32–2.15) | 0.709 |
| Other | 25.81 (14.77–36.84) | 21 | 81,374.69 | 36.20 (29.61–42.78) | 116 | 320,467.03 | 0.71 (0.44–1.14) | 0.153 |
| Respiratory systemc | 86.11 (65.94–106.28) | 70 | 81,292.41 | 104.03 (92.86–115.20) | 333 | 320,099.73 | 0.84 (0.64–1.08) | 0.176 |
| Lung, pleura | 75.01 (56.19–93.84) | 61 | 81,321.43 | 94.01 (83.39–104.63) | 301 | 320,186.26 | 0.81 (0.61–1.06) | 0.128 |
| Other | 11.06 (3.83–18.29) | 9 | 81,367.41 | 10.30 (6.78–13.81) | 33 | 320,496.97 | 1.02 (0.49–2.15) | 0.949 |
| Skin and othersc | 103.48 (81.35–125.60) | 84 | 81,718.81 | 156.10 (142.39–169.81) | 498 | 319,029.79 | 0.63 (0.50–0.80) | < 0.001 |
| MM | 1.23 (0–3.64) | 1 | 81,396.00 | 8.42 (5.25–11.60) | 27 | 320,529.82 | 0.14 (0.02–1.07) | 0.058 |
| SCC, BCC | 13.52 (5.53–21.51) | 11 | 81,378.35 | 60.96 (52.40–69.52) | 195 | 319,884.67 | 0.21 (0.11–0.38) | < 0.001 |
| Female breast | 82.51 (62.75–102.26) | 67 | 81,204.56 | 79.10 (69.35–88.85) | 253 | 319,841.07 | 1.00 (0.76–1.32) | 0.977 |
| Other | 6.14 (0.76–11.53) | 5 | 81,389.17 | 8.42 (5.25–11.60) | 27 | 320,528.07 | 0.59 (0.21–1.62) | 0.307 |
| GU systemc | 130.68 (105.80–155.55) | 106 | 81,116.20 | 124.52 (112.28–136.75) | 398 | 319,639.63 | 0.99 (0.79–1.23) | 0.907 |
| Uterus | 25.82 (14.78–36.87) | 21 | 81,320.84 | 37.16 (30.48–43.83) | 119 | 320,265.06 | 0.68 (0.42–1.09) | 0.108 |
| Cervix | 8.60 (2.23–14.98) | 7 | 81,366.16 | 10.61 (7.04–14.17) | 34 | 320,487.41 | 0.76 (0.34–1.71) | 0.507 |
| Uterus | 1.23 (0–3.64) | 1 | 81,396.00 | 8.74 (5.50–11.97) | 28 | 320,524.19 | 0.14 (0.02–1.03) | 0.053 |
| Ovary | 9.83 (3.02–16.65) | 8 | 81,361.40 | 11.54 (7.82–15.26) | 37 | 320,501.78 | 0.84 (0.39–1.80) | 0.653 |
| Testis | NA | 0 | 81,396.42 | 2.18 (0.57–3.80) | 7 | 320,564.86 | NA | NA |
| Bladder | 30.74 (18.69–42.79) | 25 | 81,329.29 | 28.72 (22.85–34.58) | 92 | 320,375.94 | 0.91 (0.58–1.44) | 0.701 |
| Prostate | 54.13 (38.14–70.12) | 44 | 81,285.65 | 38.09 (31.33–44.85) | 122 | 320,301.38 | 1.27 (0.90–1.79) | 0.182 |
| Kidney | 22.12 (11.90–32.34) | 18 | 81,367.01 | 22.47 (17.28–27.66) | 72 | 320,444.74 | 0.89 (0.53–1.50) | 0.665 |
| Others | 51.66 (36.04–67.29) | 42 | 81,296.88 | 49.34 (41.64–57.03) | 158 | 320,245.88 | 0.94 (0.67–1.33) | 0.737 |
| Hematopoietic systemc | 29.50 (17.70–41.30) | 24 | 81,359.28 | 38.39 (31.61–45.18) | 123 | 320,357.44 | 0.75 (0.48–1.17) | 0.204 |
| Lymphoma | 13.52 (5.53–21.51) | 11 | 81,373.40 | 20.60 (15.63–25.56) | 66 | 320,453.95 | 0.62 (0.32–1.20) | 0.158 |
| Leukemia | 12.29 (4.67–19.90) | 10 | 81,384.48 | 12.17 (8.35–15.99) | 39 | 320,528.41 | 0.96 (0.47–1.97) | 0.911 |
| Multiple myeloma | 3.69 (0–7.86) | 3 | 81,394.23 | 4.99 (2.55–7.44) | 16 | 320,559.13 | 0.77 (0.22–2.66) | 0.682 |
| Hodgkin's disease | NA | 0 | 81,396.42 | 1.56 (0.19–2.93) | 5 | 320,569.42 | NA | NA |
| Unspecifiedc | 38.12 (24.70–51.54) | 31 | 81,328.12 | 33.40 (27.07–39.73) | 107 | 320,375.60 | 1.16 (0.77–1.74) | 0.474 |
| All except skin cancers | 605.98 (552.16–659.80) | 487 | 80,365.59 | 655.36 (627.14–683.57) | 2,073 | 316,317.11 | 0.89 (0.81–0.99) | 0.026 |
BCC basal cell carcinoma, CI confidence intervals, HR hazard ratio, IR incidence rates, MM malignant melanoma, PY person-years, SCC squamous cell carcinoma.
aIncidence rate per 100,000 person-years.
bAdjustment for age, gender, hospital visits, and comorbidities listed in Table 1.
cDigestive system includes gastrointestinal system, liver, spleen, gall bladder. Respiratory system includes respiratory and intrathroax organs. Skin and others include skin, bone, connective tissue, and breast. GU system includes genital organs: prostate, scrotum, and urinary tract, as well as uterus, cervix, and ovaries. Hematopoietic system includes leukemia, lymphoma, and other hematologic cancers. Unspecified include other malignant solid tumors not mentioned above.