TABLE 1.

Malic acid production by wild type microorganisms.

Microorganisms	Substrates	Titer (g/L)	Yield a (mol/mol)	Productivity (g/L/h)	References
Aspergillu flavus ATCC 13697	Glucose	58 b	0.84	0.1	Abe et al. (1962)
Aspergillu flavus ATCC 13697	Glucose	113 c	1.26	0.59	Battat et al. (1991)
Aspergillu niger ATCC9142	Thin stillage	17 b	0.8 (g/g)	0.09	West (2011)
Aspergillus niger ATCC10577	Thin stillage	19 b	-	0.10	West (2011)
Aspergillus niger ATCC 12486	Crude glycerol	23 b	-	0.12	West (2015)
Aspergillus oryzae NRRL 3488	Glucose	30.27 c	0.98	0.89	Knuf et al. (2013)
Aspergillus oryzae DSM1863	Glucose	58.2 b	0.76	0.16	Ochsenreither et al. (2014)
Aspergillus oryzae DSM1863	Glycerol	45.43 b	0.37 (g/g)	0.13	Ochsenreither et al. (2014)
Aspergillus oryzae DSM1863	Xylose	39.40 b	0.49 (g/g)	0.11	Ochsenreither et al. (2014)
Penicillium viticola 152	Glucose	131 c	1.34	1.36	Khan et al. (2014)
Penicillium sclerotiorum K302	Glucose	71.67 c	0.93	1.00	Wang et al. (2013)
Saccharomyces cerevisiae	Glucose	1 b	-	-	Fatichenti et al. (1984)
Saccharomyces cerevisiae	Glucose	2 b	-	-	Schwartz and Radler (1988)
Schizophyllum commune	Glucose	18 c	0.48	0.18	Kawagoe et al. (1997)
IFO-4928
Zygosaccharomyces rouxii V19	Glucose	74.90 d	0.52	0.21	Taing and Taing (2007)

^aYields are given in mol malic acid per mol glucose unless otherwise indicated.

^bFlask culture.

^cFermentor culture.

^dTest tube - represents no value.